Land Disputes: From Ethnicity to the Nation. Inter-Ethnic Relationships and Ivoirité in the South-West of Côte d\u27Ivoire” [« Conflits fonciers : de l’ethnie à la nation. Rapports interethniques et ivoirité dans le Sud-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire »]

In the wake of the renewed democratic movement in Ivory Coast, questions about the troubled land tenure system emerged in the South-West. The relationships between the Bawle and the Krou worsened when the traditional land tenure system—tutorat—came to be disrespected. When the political leadership of the Akan group crumbled at the national level, one could have thought that the land tenure conflict would focus on the Bawle migrants. However, in 1999, a new conflict—concerning land tenure and the disregard of tutorat obligations—erupted between Krou on one side and Burkinabé or Malian on the other. This led to the expulsion of the immigrants from their settlements in the forest. Why did the interethnic conflicts evolve into an international clash? In this paper, we analyse how the invention of Ivority turned the tensions between Ivorians into a nationalist conflict between Ivorian and foreigners

Les jeunes, la terre et les changements sociaux en pays Baule, Cote d’Ivoire/ Land and Social Change in Baule Country (Côte d\u27Ivoire)

https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/sociologyandanthropology-books/1051/thumbnail.jp

“Failure of State and Management of Public Policy by the Young Patriots in Côte d\u27Ivoire” / «Faillite de l’Etat et administration de l’espace public politique par les « jeunes patriotes » en Côte d’Ivoire »

Since the war started in 2002 in Côte d’Ivoire, youth movements which are federated in what is now known as ‘The Young Patriots’ have emerged, played and continue to play a leading role in the political public sphere. Their interference appears to be linked to many factors, the most important being a combination of the failure of the State – hit by a deep structural and institutional crisis – and a upfront style of activism by these youth whose desire is to respond to the government’s calls but also to provide an alternative to State limitations. State/society relationship is revisited in this paper which emphasises the importance of theoretically putting the Habermasian approach to public space into perspective, but also the concept of ‘social movements’ which is generally perceived as independent or even contesting the State. The paper shows that ‘Young Patriots’ not only behave like social movements but they further intervene in the administration of public space not by contesting or protesting it, but by supporting the State

Traditional Mechanisms of Conflict Resolution in Modern Africa: The Bodior Ritual and the Enduring Kroumen Versus Lobi-Dagara Conflict in Southern Côte D\u27ivoire

The article examines the unexplored challenging role of youth in the traditional approaches of conflict resolution in Africa. Using Côte d’Ivoire as a case study, this article explores the relationship between intergenerational roles and conflict resolution. Traditionalist anthropologists tend to found the strength of the customary mechanisms on the dexterity and knowledge of elders, but serious doubt remains about the effectiveness of this traditional practice. In Côte d’Ivoire, as young Kroumen challenge their own traditions of peacemaking, they hinder the efficiency of customary approaches to resolve the 1999 conflict between the Kroumen and the Lobi-Dagara. In 2006 the Kroumen ritual of Bodior was performed and was supposed to seal reconciliation and social cohesion after the deadly conflict but, recent fieldwork reveals lingering mistrust and tensions 10 years after this ritual

Child Labor In Cocoa-Growing Communities In Côte D’Ivoire: Ways To Implement International Standards In Local Communities

Despite years of sensitization and implementation of international conventions and recommendations to address the issue of child labor in African cocoa-growing communities, few changes have actually been made in the daily lives of these communities. In Côte d’Ivoire, for instance, children continue to go to the cocoa farms with their parents and relatives as an everyday routine because child labor is intertwined with underlying basic social norms in African rural societies. It is, therefore, important to understand that these social norms are often inconsistent with international norms on childhood, labor, and social protection. While learning through labor is a central yardstick of child socialization in Ivoirian communities, international norms appear to undermine this tie. Although participation in plantation work and formal school attendance comprise an indivisible whole that allows children to help their families and ensure a future for themselves, international conventions aim to divide these into separate elements. As a result, international standards are not widely adopted because they are not shaped by on-the-ground community-level realities

Socio-Political Crisis and the Reconstruction of Sustainable Periurban Agriculture in Abidjan, Côte d\u27Ivoire

This article examines the effects of the post-2002 sociopolitical crisis in Abidjan, Côte d\u27Ivoire, on urban and peri-urban agriculture. Based on the case study of Abidjan, it argues for a conceptualization of sustainability that includes social as well as environmental dimensions and focuses on coping strategies of producers and merchants. In Abidjan, these strategies included internal migration within the city and its periphery, the use of organic fertilizers, and changes in market structure. The study illustrates how such strategies allowed producers to continue to supply produce to the market, despite the difficulties of war

“Land Disputes, Political Ethnicity and War in Côte d\u27Ivoire” / « Conflits fonciers, ethnicité politique et guerre en Côte d’Ivoire»

En Côte d’Ivoire, les conflits fonciers – comme celui de Tabou – apparaissent comme les prolongements de la gestion par l’État des clivages intercommunautaires autour de la terre. L’instrumentalisation de ce type de conflit, dans un environnement politique « exclusionniste » – fondé sur l’idéologie de « l’ivoirité » – et dans un contexte de crise économique et sociale, a plongé le pays dans la guerre en 2002

Opportunités sociales et économiques et développement du vivrier marchand à Bouaké (Cote d’Ivoire) / Social and Economic Opportunities and Development of Food Crops Market in Bouaké (Côte d\u27Ivoire)

Social and economic opportunities and the development of market crops in Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire) The rural economy of the Bouaké region has always been dominated by subsistence food production. Agricultural income in this region has been very low compared with that of Baoulé farmers who emigrated at least seasonally to forest areas in the west and southwest of Côte d’Ivoire to work as laborers. For a decade, however, the return of these emigrants to their home village has combined with several factors to orient Baoulé agriculture towards a market economy. Economic opportunities such as the wholesale market in Bouaké, its increasing population, the availability of long-abandoned lowlands as well as development projects have induced some young people, who previously migrated to work as seasonal labor, to develop new economic alternatives: market farming, rice in the lowlands, cashew trees, peanuts, etc. These have turned out to be more remunerative than working as seasonal laborers in the forest areas. Thus, the slowing of migration in the largest portion of the working population has helped to dynamize the economy of thesevillages, which is moving from a subsistence economy to an agricultural market economy

Traditional Mechanisms of Conflict Resolution in Modern Africa: The Bodior Ritual and the Enduring Kroumen Versus Lobi-Dagara Conflict in Southern Côte D'ivoire

The article examines the unexplored challenging role of youth in the traditional approaches of conflict resolution in Africa. Using Côte d’Ivoire as a case study, this article explores the relationship between intergenerational roles and conflict resolution. Traditionalist anthropologists tend to found the strength of the customary mechanisms on the dexterity and knowledge of elders, but serious doubt remains about the effectiveness of this traditional practice. In Côte d’Ivoire, as young Kroumen challenge their own traditions of peacemaking, they hinder the efficiency of customary approaches to resolve the 1999 conflict between the Kroumen and the Lobi-Dagara. In 2006 the Kroumen ritual of Bodior was performed and was supposed to seal reconciliation and social cohesion after the deadly conflict but, recent fieldwork reveals lingering mistrust and tensions 10 years after this ritual

L’étranger en Côte d’Ivoire: crises et controverses autour d’une categorie sociale/The Foreigner in Côte d\u27Ivoire: Crisis and Controversies about a Social Category

L\u27auteur revisite les aspects socio-anthropologiques, législatifs et administratifs de l\u27appel aux étrangers et analyse l\u27ambivalence de leurs droits. Il opte pour une approche multidisciplinaire pour mieux appréhender l\u27archéologie du concept de l\u27étranger en Côte d\u27Ivoire et examine les politiques publiques dans le contexte de constructions identitaires en Afrique postcoloniale.https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/sociologyandanthropology-books/1049/thumbnail.jp