The CO2 Abatement Game: Costs, Incentives and the Stability of a Sub-Global Coalition

This paper studies the economic incentives and the institutional issues governing the outcomes of a short-term climate change policy package guided by the United Nations' Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Berlin Mandate initiatives. Game theoretic tools and the global trade-environment interface are explored within a 26-region, 13- commodity computable general equilibrium framework to characterize the incentives of OECD regions to comply with a non-binding agreement in a carbon abatement coalition. The results have shown that the achievement of such a coalition as well as its expansion by means of self-financed schemes are possible if suitable trade instruments are designed.CGE Abatement CO2 coalition subgame connected-game

A Note on Weak Double Dividends

A weak double-dividend is the proposition that the welfare improvement from a tax reform, where environmental taxes are used to lower distorting taxes, must be greater than the welfare improvement from a reform where the environmental taxes are returned in a lump sum fashion. A general consensus has emerged that the weak double-dividend is an uncontroversial idea. We show in this note that a weak double-dividend need not hold in a world with multiple distortions.environmental tax policy, second-best taxation, general equilibrium analysis

Al-Ikhtilāf al-Naḥwī fI al-Lahjah al-ʿĀmmīyah al-Sūdānīyah: Dirāsah Waṣfīyah min Khilāl al-Amthāl al-Shaʿbīyah

This research aims to clarify the positions and causes of the grammatical difference between the Sudanese dialect and the classical Arabic language by applying to popular proverbs. His approach is descriptive, and one of the most important results is that the Sudanese dialect is one of the largest Arabic dialects currently spoken in the Sudan and in its neighbouring countries. The Sudanese dialect tends to soften the last words in order to mitigate. The connection of mawṣūl (ال) is verbal or nominal sentence or jar-majrūr, which does not adhere to explicit status, and removes the much-returned conscience. The verb (كان) used as a tool of condition in many places. The majrūr nouns is often read as marfūʿ or manṣūb. The double (muthanná) and plural (jamaʿ mudhakkar sālim) read with yā' sign in all positions

Tax Distortions and Global Climate Policy

We consider the efficiency implications of policies to reduce global carbon emissions in a world with pre-existing tax distortions. We first note that the weak double-dividend, the proposition that the welfare improvement from a tax reform where environmental taxes are used to lower distorting taxes must be greater than the welfare improvement from a reform where the environmental taxes are returned in a lump sum fashion, need not hold in a world with multiple distortions. We then present a large-scale computable general equilibrium model of the world economy with distortionary taxation. We use this model to evaluate a number of policies to reduce carbon emissions. We find that the weak double dividend is not obtained in a number of European countries. Results also demonstrate the point that the interplay between carbon policies and pre-existing taxes can differ markedly across countries. Thus one must be cautious in extrapolating the results from a country specific analysis to other countries.

Al-Ikhtilāf al-Naḥwī fI al-Lahjah al-ʿĀmmīyah al-Sūdānīyah: Dirāsah Waṣfīyah min Khilāl al-Amthāl al-Shaʿbīyah

This research aims to clarify the positions and causes of the grammatical difference between the Sudanese dialect and the classical Arabic language by applying to popular proverbs. His approach is descriptive, and one of the most important results is that the Sudanese dialect is one of the largest Arabic dialects currently spoken in the Sudan and in its neighbouring countries. The Sudanese dialect tends to soften the last words in order to mitigate. The connection of mawṣūl (ال) is verbal or nominal sentence or jar-majrūr, which does not adhere to explicit status, and removes the much-returned conscience. The verb (كان) used as a tool of condition in many places. The majrūr nouns is often read as marfūʿ or manṣūb. The double (muthanná) and plural (jamaʿ mudhakkar sālim) read with yā' sign in all positions

Tax Distortions and Global Climate Policy

We consider the efficiency implications of policies to reduce global carbon emissions in a world with pre-existing tax distortions. We first note that the weak double-dividend, the proposition that the welfare improvement from a tax reform where environmental taxes are used to lower distorting taxes must be greater than the welfare improvement from a reform where the environmental taxes are returned in a lump sum fashion, need not hold in a world with multiple distortions. We then present a large-scale computable general equilibrium model of the world economy with distortionary taxation. We use this model to evaluate a number of policies to reduce carbon emissions. We find that the weak double dividend is not obtained in a number of European countries. Results also demonstrate the point that the interplay between carbon policies and pre-existing taxes can differ markedly across countries. Thus one must be cautious in extrapolating the results from a country specific analysis to other countries.