Sperm Chemotaxis: A Primer

Sperm become attracted by chemical substances that are released from the outer coating of the egg, a process called chemotaxis. In this paper the cellular pathway and the motor response during chemotaxis of sperm from sea urchin and starfish are briefly outlined

Optimal Hedging with a Subjective View: An Empirical Bayesian Approach

The standard optimal hedging model has been the preferred theoretical model of normative hedging behavior. In empirical applications, the model is often implemented with the parameter certainty equivalent (PCE) procedure. However, the PCE procedure completely ignores parameter estimation risk and subjective views. We develop an “empirical” Bayesian optimal hedging model that not only effectively accommodates parameter estimation risk, but also provides hedgers with a theoretically intuitive yet quantitatively rigorous framework to blend their subjective views and a “marketwide” or “firmwide” consensus in determining optimal hedging positions (ratios). Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.

Prevalence of women's violent and non-violent offending behavior: a comparison of self-reports, victims' reports and third-party reports

This study assessed women’s violent and nonviolent offending, using data from two online student samples (men and women: n = 344), reporting on either being a perpetrator and witness (women) or being a victim and witness (men). A comprehensive measure of general violence, intimate partner violence (IPV), and nonviolent offending was collected. From women’s self-reports, 59.9% reported perpetrating general violent offenses, 58.1% reported perpetrating IPV offenses and 85.6% reported perpetrating nonviolent offenses. Correlations showed that women were involved in a variety of offenses and demonstrated the interrelatedness of general violence and IPV, and of violent and nonviolent offenses. Regression analysis confirmed the close association between partner and general violence, and found that drug offenses were also related to the former and criminal damage to the latter. Overall, the prevalence data demonstrated women’s involvement in all types of offending, and a similar pattern of offending was supported across data sources. Limitations of the sampling method and measures are discussed