Numerical Treatment for the flow of Casson Fluid and heat transfer Model Over an Unsteady Stretching Surface in the Presence Of Internal Heat Generation/Absorption and Thermal Radiation

Several important industrial and engineering problems are very difficult to solve analytically since they are high nonlinear. The Chebyshev spectral collocation method possesses an ability to predict the solution behavior for a system of high nonlinear ordinary differential equations. This method which is based on differentiated Chebyshev polynomials is introduced to obtain an approximate solution to the system of ordinary differential equations which physically describe the flow and heat transfer problem of an unsteady Casson fluid model taking into consideration both heat generation and radiation effects in the temperature equation. Based on the spectral collocation method, the obtained solution is introduced numerically to various parameter values

Sustained virologic response to therapy of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation is related to early virologic response and dose adherence

Sustained virologic response (SVR) after antiviral therapy for recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in liver transplant (LT) recipients is consistently lower than that achieved in non-LT patients. We evaluated efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) therapy in LT recipients with recurrent HCV and factors associated with SVR. All subjects with histologic evidence of recurrent HCV were intended to be treated for 48 weeks with full-dose pegylated IFN; target dose of RBV was 800 mg/day. Thirty-five LT recipients with recurrent HCV, median age 48.5 years, 77% genotype 1, and median pretreatment HCV RNA 6.4 log 10 IU/mL were treated between January 2000 and February 2006. Antiviral therapy was discontinued prematurely in 15 subjects as a result of adverse events. Median overall treatment duration was 46 weeks. Early virologic response at week 12 was seen in 17 (49%) and an end-of-treatment virological response in 19 (54%) patients. SVR was achieved in 13 patients (37%), and all 9 patients followed for >1 year after treatment had durable response. Patients with SVR had significantly lower pretreatment HCV RNA (5.7 vs. 6.5 log 10 IU/mL, P = 0.003), more likely to have a week 12 virological response (85% vs. 27%, P = 0.0009) and received higher cumulative doses of pegylated IFN (75% vs. 33%, P = 0.029) and RBV (90% vs. 26%, P = 0.016) compared with patients whose disease did not respond to therapy. In conclusion, SVR was achieved in 37% of patients with recurrent hepatitis C after LT. Similar to non-LT patients, those with lower pretreatment HCV RNA, a week 12 virological response, and pegylated IFN and RBV dose adherence were more likely to achieve SVR. Liver Transpl, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56160/1/21121_ftp.pd

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic and slowly progressive cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune etiology characterized by injury of the intrahepatic bile ducts that may eventually lead to liver failure. Affected individuals are usually in their fifth to seventh decades of life at time of diagnosis, and 90% are women. Annual incidence is estimated between 0.7 and 49 cases per million-population and prevalence between 6.7 and 940 cases per million-population (depending on age and sex). The majority of patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis, however, some patients present with symptoms of fatigue and/or pruritus. Patients may even present with ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and/or esophageal variceal hemorrhage. PBC is associated with other autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, Raynaud's phenomenon and CREST syndrome and is regarded as an organ specific autoimmune disease. Genetic susceptibility as a predisposing factor for PBC has been suggested. Environmental factors may have potential causative role (infection, chemicals, smoking). Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical features, abnormal liver biochemical pattern in a cholestatic picture persisting for more than six months and presence of detectable antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) in serum. All AMA negative patients with cholestatic liver disease should be carefully evaluated with cholangiography and liver biopsy. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only currently known medication that can slow the disease progression. Patients, particularly those who start UDCA treatment at early-stage disease and who respond in terms of improvement of the liver biochemistry, have a good prognosis. Liver transplantation is usually an option for patients with liver failure and the outcome is 70% survival at 7 years. Recently, animal models have been discovered that may provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of this disease and facilitate appreciation for novel treatment in PBC

On the solutions of the heat, wave and Laplace equations with nonlocal conditions

In this paper, we present a new approach to solve nonlocal initial- boundary value problems for heat, wave and Laplace equations subject to initial, final and nonlocal boundary conditions of integral type. We first transform the given nonlocal initial-boundary value problems of integral type and then apply the method of separation of variables

Conservation laws for Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation in nonlinear fiber optics and PCF

The conservation laws for the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation are derived by the aid of Lie symmetry analysis. The bright soliton solutions are subsequently applied to obtain the conserved quantities from the derived densities. Three forms of bright soliton solutions are utilized

Optical Soliton Perturbation in Nonlinear Directional Couplers

This paper secures soliton solutions to optical couplers in presence of Hamiltonian perturbation terms by the aid of undetermined coefficients. Both twin core couplers and multiple core couplers are studied. Bright, dark and singular soliton solutions are obtained for the model. The existence criteria for the solitons are also presented. The study is focused to the Kerr and power laws of nonlinearity

On Approximate Solutions for Fractional Logistic Differential Equation

A new approximate formula of the fractional derivatives is derived. The proposed formula is based on the generalized Laguerre polynomials. Global approximations to functions defined on a semi-infinite interval are constructed. The fractional derivatives are presented in terms of Caputo sense. Special attention is given to study the convergence analysis and estimate an error upper bound of the presented formula. The new spectral Laguerre collocation method is presented for solving fractional Logistic differential equation (FLDE). The properties of Laguerre polynomials approximation are used to reduce FLDE to solve a system of algebraic equations which is solved using a suitable numerical method. Numerical results are provided to confirm the theoretical results and the efficiency of the proposed method