How conscious experience and working memory interact

Active components of classical working memory are conscious, but traditional theory does not account for this fact. Global Workspace theory suggests that consciousness is needed to recruit unconscious specialized networks that carry out detailed working memory functions. The IDA model provides a fine-grained analysis of this process, specifically of two classical workingmemory tasks, verbal rehearsal and the utilization of a visual image. In the process, new light is shed on the interactions between conscious and unconscious\ud aspects of working memory

Vertical Coherence of Turbulence in the Atmospheric Surface Layer: Connecting the Hypotheses of Townsend and Davenport

Statistical descriptions of coherent flow motions in the atmospheric boundary layer have many applications in the wind engineering community. For instance, the dynamical characteristics of large-scale motions in wall-turbulence play an important role in predicting the dynamical loads on buildings, or the fluctuations in the power distribution across wind farms. Davenport (Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1961, Vol. 372, 194-211) performed a seminal study on the subject and proposed a hypothesis that is still widely used to date. Here, we demonstrate how the empirical formulation of Davenport is consistent with the analysis of Baars et al. (Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2017, Vol. 823, R2) in the spirit of Townsend's attached-eddy hypothesis in wall turbulence. We further study stratification effects based on two-point measurements of atmospheric boundary-layer flow over the Utah salt flats. No self-similar scaling is observed in stable conditions, putting the application of Davenport's framework, as well as the attached eddy hypothesis, in question for this case. Data obtained under unstable conditions exhibit clear self-similar scaling and our analysis reveals a strong sensitivity of the statistical aspect ratio of coherent structures (defined as the ratio of streamwise and wall-normal extent) to the magnitude of the stability parameter

Near-Field Radio Holography of Large Reflector Antennas

We summarise the mathematical foundation of the holographic method of measuring the reflector profile of an antenna or radio telescope. In particular, we treat the case, where the signal source is located at a finite distance from the antenna under test, necessitating the inclusion of the so-called Fresnel field terms in the radiation integrals. We assume a ``full phase'' system with reference receiver to provide the reference phase. We describe in some detail the hardware and software implementation of the system used for the holographic measurement of the 12m ALMA prototype submillimeter antennas. We include a description of the practicalities of a measurement and surface setting. The results for both the VertexRSI and AEC (Alcatel-EIE-Consortium) prototype ALMA antennas are presented.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, to appear in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 5, October 2007. Version 2 includes nice mug-shots of the author

LIDA: A Working Model of Cognition

In this paper we present the LIDA architecture as a working model of cognition. We argue that such working models are broad in scope and address real world problems in comparison to experimentally based models which focus on specific pieces of cognition. While experimentally based models are useful, we need a working model of cognition that integrates what we know from neuroscience, cognitive science and AI. The LIDA architecture provides such a working model. A LIDA based cognitive robot or software agent will be capable of multiple learning mechanisms. With artificial feelings and emotions as primary motivators and learning facilitators, such systems will ‘live’ through a developmental period during which they will learn in multiple ways to act in an effective, human-like manner in complex, dynamic, and unpredictable environments. We discuss the integration of the learning mechanisms into the existing IDA architecture as a working model of cognition

Theoretical and methodological foundations of 'The Authoritarian Personality'

Contains fulltext : 3357.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Veränderungen im Bildaufbau in der Steigbildmethode durch die Alterung von Milch

The Uni Kassel, FG bio-dynamic agriculture, wants to use the capillary dynamolysis according to Wala (Steigbildethode) for milk samples from different collection-days. Based on former methodological investigation (Zalecka 2006) the aim of the study is to show the aging effect and to test, whether a once taken sample represents the farm. Result: the repeatedly taken samples seem to be equal, but variation in the climatic conditions of the chamber as well as aging of the solution have a tremendous influence on the pictures and must be standardised

Evaluation of Radioactivity in the Bladder after Injection of 131I Hippurate into Lateral Ventricles of Hydrocephalic Patients

This correlative study sought an explanation for the appearance in the bladder of 131I hippurate injected into the lateral ventricle. Part of the excretion seemed to depend upon a ventricular process. High disappearance constants and early onset times were related to small ventricles, and it is possible that this ventricular disappearance is promoted by ruptures in the ependyma in acute hydrocephalus. csf pressure has no direct bearing on the disappearance of the tracer from the csf compartment. Children with communicating hydrocephalus have higher excretion rates than those with obstructive hydrocephalus, which suggests a connection between the degree of radio‐activity in the bladder and subarachnoid csf resorption. AypreAciation de la radio‐activiteA dans la vessie après injection d'hippurate marqueA à l'iode 131 dans les ventricules latéraux d'hydrocéphales Cette étude corrélative recherche une explication de l'apparition dans la vessie d'hippurate injecté dans le ventricule latéral. Une partie de l'excrétion semble dépendre d'un processus ventriculaire. Dans les petits ventricules, on observe constamment une disparition im‐portante et rapide; il est possible que cette disparition ventriculaire soit provoquée par des ruptures dans l'épendyme au cours de I'hydrocéphalie aigue. La pression dans le lcr n'a pas d'influence directe sur la disparition des traceurs à partir des compartiments lcr. Les enfants présentant une hydrocéphalie communicante ont un taux d'expression plus élevé qu'en cas d'hydrocéphalie non communicante; ce qui suggère un lien entre le degré de radioactivité de la vessie et la résorption sous‐arachnoidienne du lcr. Die Messung der Radioaktivität in der Blase nach Injektion von 131I‐Hippursäuresalz in die Seitenventrikel von Patienten mit Hydrocephalus Durch die vorliegende korrelative Studie wurde versucht, für das Auftreten des in die Seitenventrikel injizierten Hippursäuresalzes in der Blase eine Erklärung zu finden. Ein Teil der Exkretion schien auf einem Vorgang im Ventrikel zu beruhen. Ho̊he Ausschei‐dungsraten mit frühzeitigem Beginn fand man bei kleinen Ventrikeln, und es ist möglich, daß diese ventrikuläre Ausscheidung durch Rupturen des Ependyms bei akutem Hydrocephalus gefördert wird. Der Liquordruck hat keinen direkten Einfluß auf die Ausscheidung der Tracersubstanz aus dem Liquorraum. Kinder mit einem Hydrocephalus communicans haben höhere Ausscheidungsraten, als die mit einem Hydrocephalus occlusivus, was an eine Beziehung zwischen der Menge der radioaktiven Substanz in der Blase und der subarachnoidalen Resorption denken läßt. Evaluación de la radioactividad en la vejiga urinaria después de la inyección de I‐131 hipurato, en los ventrículos laterales de pacientes hidrocefálicos Este estudio correlativo buscó una explicación a la aparición en la vejiga de hipurato inyectado en un ventrículo lateral. Parece que parte de la excreción depende del proceso ventricular. Constantes altas de desaparición y tiempos iniciales precoces estaban en relación con ventrículos pequeños y es posible que esta desaparición ventricular sea promovida por rupturas ependimarias en hidrocéfalos agudos. La presión del lcr no tiene relación directa con la desaparición de la substancia radioactiva del compartimiento del lcr. Los niños con hidrocefalia comunicante tienen una velocidad de excreción más alta que aquellos con hidrocefalia obstructiva, lo cual sugiere una conexión entre el grado de radioactividad en la vejiga y la reabsorción de lcr subaracnoideo