Integrated Management Systems and Sustainable Development

Management system standards, optional for organizations, have started to be considered as a strategic tool for organizations seeking institutional success and adopting innovative approaches. Establishing and managing these standards independently for the same organization yield some difficulties for organizations. It would rather be a more rational solution to provide a holistic view to all standards, which is to integrate them all. As integrated management systems can be shaped according to the needs of the organization, they involve different management system standards. Therefore, there is no common model defined for said integrated standards. These systems offer organizations a management philosophy for the processes to be successfully managed and to achieve desired results. When the emerging management philosophy is internalized by management and employees, a corporate culture is formed. The effects of integrated management systems on the sustainable development of the organization can be categorized as management, people, market, production, environmental and occupational health and safety totaling in six categories. Integrated management systems provide organizations with a management philosophy that enables processes to be successfully managed and to achieve desired results. Despite the advantages of integrated management systems for organizations, they may also have some drawbacks

Türkiye’de gıda zehirlenmesi vakalarının incelenmesi: 2016-2020

This study aims to examine and statistically analyze the cases of food poisoning in Turkey between 2016 and 2020, and the number of people affected by these cases. The data on food poisoning were obtained from news sources published in the written and visual media while weather temperature and relative humidity values were obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Frequency distributions and Kruskal Wallis and Bonferroni non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the data. A total of 504 cases of food poisoning (100.8 cases/year, 42 cases/month) were experienced in Turkey between 2016 and 2020, and the estimated number of people affected by those cases is 27,196. Surprisingly, most cases of food poisoning occurred in autumn and winter while the lowest number of cases took place in summer. Students and employees were most affected by food poisoning. No direct correlation of food poisoning with ambient temperature and relative humidity was determined. The study is the first research conducted in Turkey in this area, and can be used to develop strategies and policies for food safety.Bu çalışmanın amacı; 2016-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de yaşanan gıda zehirlenme vakalarını, bu vakalardan etkilenen kişi sayılarını incelemek ve istatistiksel olarak analiz etmektir. Gıda zehirlenmelerine ait veriler yazılı ve görsel medyada çıkan ve haber niteliği taşıyan kaynaklardan elde edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde frekans dağılımları, nonparametrik testlerden Kruskal Wallis ve Bonferroni testi kullanılmıştır. 2016-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de toplam 504 gıda zehirlenme vakası (100,8 vaka sayısı/yıl, 42 vaka sayısı/ay) yaşanmış ve bu vakalardan tahmini 27 196 kişi etkilenmiştir. Şaşırtıcı bir şekilde gıda zehirlenme vakaları en çok sonbahar ve kış mevsiminde en az yaz mevsiminde gerçekleşmiştir. Gıda zehirlenmelerinden en çok öğrenciler ve çalışanlar etkilenmiştir. Hava sıcaklığı ve nispi nemin gıda zehirlenme vakalarıyla doğrudan bir ilişkisi saptanmamıştır. Çalışma bu alanda Türkiye’de yapılan ilk araştırmadır

An analysis of the changes in food consumption frequencies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Turkey

Caused by the SARS-CoV-2, the COVID-19 outbreak that has turned into a global pandemic has proved that many events that would have been deemed as elements of pure fiction can indeed become reality. Millions of people in many countries isolated/are isolating themselves within the scope of self-quarantine to control the outbreak. This might affect one's dietary habits either positively or negatively. One of the first in its field, the present study statistically examines the changes in food consumption frequencies of 3017 individuals living in one of the seven regions of Turkey before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using a scale formulated with this specific purpose. As far as food consumption frequencies are concerned, while no statistically significant differences were spotted in the general total of the scale, 9 out of 10 sub-groups, the exception being the bread group, manifested statistically significant variations (p<0.001). Specifically, while the consumption of dietary supplements like propolis or vitamins C and D surged, the consumption of flour, sugar, salt, and various beverages (instant coffee, soft drinks) fell significantly. The post-COVID-19 era is considered to bring about an increase in the demand for products boosting the immune system

The impact of the covıd-19 pandemic on the frequency of food consumption

This study aimed to statistically analyze the change in the frequency of food consumption in the pre-and during the COVID-19 pandemic period in terms of the demographic characteristics of individuals. In this context, a food list consisting of 47 items and a 5-point Likert-type scale was prepared to determine the frequency of food consumption. The data were collected with an electronic questionnaire. The construct validity and reliability of the scale were examined with Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and the Cronbach Alpha (α) reliability coefficient, respectively. The data were analyzed by the Independent Sample T-Test and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Tukey test was used to determine the difference between groups. 3017 people with different demographic characteristics participated in the study. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, an increase was found in the frequency of dairy and breakfast products, vegetables, fruits, and nutritional supplements consumption during the pandemic. On the other hand, it was seen that there was a decrease in the frequency of bread group, meat products, and beverage consumption. There are many statistically significant findings between the frequency of food consumption according to demographic characteristics. It is estimated that lockdown, social isolation, the desire to have a strong immune system, and economic problems, which are included in our lives due to the pandemic, have led to a change in the frequency of food consumption. Besides, individuals have tended to have a healthy diet during this period. This research is one of the most comprehensive studies examining the frequency of food consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic

The Importance of Tea in the Correlation between Caffeine and Health

This study aims to examine the studies on the correlation between caffeine intake of individuals and health and to emphasize the importance of tea for health. Caffeine is a substance contained in many foods we frequently consume in our daily diets such as tea, coffee, cola, and energy drinks and is generally known for its stimulant nature. That is why consumers take caffeine into their bodies throughout their lives. The European Food Safety Authority states that daily intake of 400 mg (about 5.7 mg/kg bw for 70 kg) caffeine from all sources does not create any concern for adults. There is no complete consensus about whether caffeine consumption causes various ailments in individuals or whether it has a protective effect against contracting various diseases. The literature review has revealed that coffee and tea in adults and tea, soft, and energy drinks in children and adolescents play an important role in caffeine intake. Tea is a plant that is especially rich in phenolic compounds and has many benefits for human health. Therefore, for conscious consumers, tea is different from other drinks due to caffeine and phenolic compounds and is thought to do more good than harm to people

Selenum (Se) levels and rsk assessment of some mlk and dary products produced for chldren

Amaç: Bu çalışmada okul öncesi/okul çağı çocukları için geliştirilerek/tasarlanarak Türkiye pazarında satışa sunulan bazı süt ve süt ürünlerinin selenyum (Se) düzeyleri araştırılmış, günlük Se maruziyeti tespit edilerek karsinojenik olmayan risk değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Materyal ve yöntem: Çalışma kapsamında farklı markalara ait 60 adet (20×3) süt, 24 adet (8×3) kefir, 6 adet (2×3) yoğurt ve 9 adet (3×3) süt keki örneklerinin Se düzeyleri ICP-MS kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Se maruziyeti deterministik modele göre hesaplanmış, risk değerlendirme ise THQ (hedef tehlike katsayısı) değerlerine göre yapılmıştır. Tartışma ve sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda süt, kefir, yoğurt ve süt keki örneklerinin ortalama Se düzeyleri sırasıyla 17,8±4,54; 10,7±8,77; 28,7±6,19 ve 44,9±2,97 µg/kg olarak belirlenmiştir. 3-6 yaş aralığındaki erkek ve kız çocukların ortalama Se maruziyeti 0,17±0,08 µg/kg va (vücut ağırlığı)/gün, 7-11 yaş aralığındaki erkek ve kız çocukların ortalama Se maruziyeti ise 0,10±0,05 µg/kg va/gün olarak hesaplanmıştır. Süt ve süt ürünleri tüketiminden kaynaklanan selenyum maruziyeti yaş artışına bağlı olarak azalmaktadır ve cinsiyet bakımından ise herhangi bir farklılık tespit edilememiştir (p<0,05). THQ < 1 olduğu için süt ve ürünlerinden kaynaklanan Se maruziyeti için potansiyel bir sağlık riski olmadığı gözlenmiştir

The Evaluation of Childhood Foods and Infant Formula Exposure to Furan, Chloropropanols and Acrylamide Contamination by Food Processing

This review attempted to evaluate the exposure of thermal processing contaminants such as furan, chloropropanols and acrylamide from infant formulas. Furan, chloropropanols and acrylamide exist at varying levels in several types of foods that are consumed in daily diet including infant formulas. The consumption of these foods leads to the exposure to the thermal processing contaminants. In this sense, it is apparent that humans face hidden danger through dietary exposure throughout their lives. Infants are considered as the age group that expose to the highest levels of these substances as a result of the fact that they have low body weight and consume infant formulas in their diets as alternative nutrition. The review emphasizes that the infant formulas are not innocent, on the contrary, they can be considered as safety critical for infants considering that infant formulas include furan, chloropropanols and acrylamide. Therefore, this review suggests that in this sense all shareholders’ (university, non-governmental organizations, public and private sector) acting in concert with each other is crucially important for the health of individuals and overall society

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Nutritional habits of cancer patients

Amaç: Bu araştırma, kemoterapi alan kanser hastalarının tanı öncesi ve sonrası beslenme alışkanlıklarının karşılaştırılması ve riskli beslenme alışkanlıklarını belirlemek için Mart 2020-Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında Rize, Türkiye’de bir onkoloji merkezine başvuran 253 hasta ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Literatür incelemesi ve uzman görüşleri çerçevesinde hastaların beslenme alışkanlıklarına ışık tutacak, 3 bölüm ve toplam 56 sorudan oluşan bir anket hazırlanmıştır. Veriler, yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Anketin gıda tüketim sıklığı bölümünün Cronbach alfa güvenirlilik katsayısı 0,734 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Veriler, nonparametrik testlerden Wilcoxon testiy ile analiz edilmiştir. İstatistiksel olarak p<0,05 anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Hastaların önemli bir kısmı, bazı içecekleri çok sıcak bazı gıdaları ise çok pişmiş/kızarmış tüketerek, riskli beslenme alışkanlıklarını devam ettirmektedir. Tanı sonrası kırmızı et, sakatat ve işlenmiş et ürünleri, peynir türleri, yağ grubuna ait tüm besinler, beyaz ekmek, kahve, çay, kola vb. gazlı içecek tüketim sıklığı azalmıştır. Yumurta, süt, yoğurt, ayran/kefir, tam tahıllı ekmek türleri, sebze ve meyve tüketim sıklıkları ise artmıştır. Bu anlamda istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi yüksek pek çok bulguya ulaşılmıştır (p<0,05). Hastaların, beslenme alışkanlıkları birçok açıdan değişikliğe uğradığı ve genel olarak tanı sonrası sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıklarına daha çok yöneldikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Sonuç: Toplumu kanserden korumak ve sağlıklı bir gelecek için beslenme alışkanlıklarına yönelik farkındalıkların artırılması adına programlar hazırlanmalıdır.Objective: This research was carried out with 253 patients who admitted to an oncology center in Rize, Turkey to compare the pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis dietary habits and to determine risky dietary habits of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy between March-July 2020. Material and Methods: Within the framework of literature review and expert opinions, a questionnaire consisting of 3 parts and 56 questions in total was prepared to shed light on the eating habits of the patients. The data were obtained using face to face interview technique. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the food consumption frequency part of the questionnaire was calculated as 0.734. The data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon test, which is one of the nonparametric tests. Statistically p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: A significant portion of the patients continue their risky dietary habits by consuming some drinks too hot and some foods too cooked/fried. The frequency of consumption of all meat and meat products, cheese types, all foods belonging to the fat group, white bread and carbonated beverages such as coffee, tea and cola decreased after the diagnosis. On the other hand, consumption of egg, milk, yoghurt, ayran/kefir, whole grain bread types, vegetables and fruits increased. In this sense, many findings with high statistical significance have been reached (p<0.05). It is understood that the dietary habits of the patients have changed in many respects and they generally prefer healthy dietary habits after the diagnosis. Conclusion: To protect the society from cancer and for a healthy future p

A life-threatening problem occurring in the canalis inguinalis in children: Incarcerated hernia

Amaç: Çocuklarda görülen en sık cerrahi hastalık kasık fıtıklarıdır ve %5-18 oranında boğulma riski taşır. Bu çalışmada bebek ve çocuklarda görülen boğulmuş kasık fıtığının klinik özellikleri incelendi. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Ocak 1994-Haziran 2006 döneminde boğulmuş kasık fıtığı nedeniyle takip ve tedavi edilen 33 çocuk olgunun (30 erkek, 3 kız; ort. yaş 2; dağılım 20 gün-6 yaş) kayıtları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Kasıkta şişlik (n=33), kusma (n=19) ve skrotumda krepitasyon (n=10) en sık görülen semptomlardı. Olgulardan 26'sında elle geri itme girişimi başarılı oldu ancak yedi olguda acil cerrahi girişim yapılması gerekti. Fıtık kesesinde en çok sıkışan organ ince bağırsaklardı (n=22). Olgulardan üçünde testis iskemisi, ikisinde ince bağırsak, birinde ise kalın bağırsak iskemisi gelişmişti. Boğulmuş kasık fıtığı nedeniyle iki hasta (%6.0) kaybedildi. Sonuç: Bölgemizde boğulmuş kasık fıtığı olgularının hastaneye getirilmesinin geciktirildiği düşüncesindeyiz. Çocuklarda kasık fıtığı görüldüğünde mümkün olan en kısa zamanda ameliyat edilmelidir. Böylece boğulmuş kasık fıtığının yol açtığı yaşamsal sorunlar ortadan kaldırılmış olacaktır.Objectives: Inguinal hernia is the most common surgical disorder in childhood and is associated with 5-18 % incarceration risk. The clinical features of incarcerated inguinal hernia in infants and children were assessed. Patients and Methods: The medical records of 33 pediatric cases (30 males, 3 females; mean age 2 years; range 20 days-6 years) treated and followed up in our hospital for incarcerated inguinal hernia in the period of January 1994 and June 2006 were retrospectivelye evaluated. Results: The most frequent symptoms were inguinal lump (n=33), vomiting (n=19) and crepitation of the scrotum (n=10). Manual reduction of hernia was successful in 26 cases and 7 of them underwent emergency hernia repair. Small bowel was the most frequent incarcerated organ (n=22). Testicular ischemia developed in 3 patients, partial small bowel ischemia in 2, and colon ischemia in one patient. Two patients (6%) died due to incarcerated inguinal hernia. Conclusion: We think that in our region, cases of incarcerated inguinal hernia are admitted to the hospital with delay. The children with inguinal hernia should be operated as soon as possible. Life-threatening complications of incarcerated inguinal hernia may thus be prevented