Analysis of stakeholders satisfaction regarding fishing port management in SENEGAL:Targeting the four artisanal fishing ports（セネガルにおける漁港管理に関する利害関係者の満足度分析－４つの零細漁港を事例として）

東京海洋大学修士学位論文 2020年度(2021年3月) 海洋管理政策学 修士 第3554号指導教員: 婁 小波全文公表年月日: 2021-06-21東京海洋大学202

Modelling hotspots of the two dominant Rift Valley fever vectors (Aedes vexans and Culex poicilipes) in Barkedji, Senegal

BACKGROUND: Climatic and environmental variables were used successfully by using models to predict Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus outbreaks in East Africa. However, these models are not replicable in the West African context due to a likely difference of the dynamic of the virus emergence. For these reasons specific models mainly oriented to the risk mapping have been developed. Hence, the areas of high vector pressure or virus activity are commonly predicted. However, the factors impacting their occurrence are poorly investigated and still unknown. In this study, we examine the impact of climate and environmental factors on the likelihood of occurrence of the two main vectors of RVF in West Africa (Aedes vexans and Culex poicilipes) hotspots. METHODS: We used generalized linear mixed models taking into account spatial autocorrelation, in order to overcome the default threshold for areas with high mosquito abundance identified by these models. Getis’ Gi*(d) index was used to define local adult mosquito abundance clusters (hotspot). RESULTS: For Culex poicilipes, a decrease of the minimum temperature promotes the occurrence of hotspots, whereas, for Aedes vexans, the likelihood of hotspot occurrence is negatively correlated with relative humidity, maximum and minimum temperatures. However, for the two vectors, proximity to ponds would increase the risk of being in an hotspot area. CONCLUSIONS: These results may be useful in the improvement of RVF monitoring and vector control management in the Barkedji area. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1399-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Changes in the Molecular Epidemiology of Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis in Senegal After Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of mortality among children under 5 years of age. Senegal is part of World Health Organization-coordinated sentinel site surveillance for pediatric bacterial meningitis surveillance. We conducted this analysis to describe the epidemiology and etiology of bacterial meningitis among children less than 5 years in Senegal from 2010 and to 2016. METHODS: Children who met the inclusion criteria for suspected meningitis at the Centre Hospitalier National d'Enfants Albert Royer, Senegal, from 2010 to 2016 were included. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected from suspected cases examined by routine bacteriology and molecular assays. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing were performed. RESULTS: A total of 1013 children were admitted with suspected meningitis during the surveillance period. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus accounted for 66% (76/115), 25% (29/115), and 9% (10/115) of all confirmed cases, respectively. Most of the suspected cases (63%; 639/1013) and laboratory-confirmed (57%; 66/115) cases occurred during the first year of life. Pneumococcal meningitis case fatality rate was 6-fold higher than that of meningococcal meningitis (28% vs 5%). The predominant pneumococcal lineage causing meningitis was sequence type 618 (n = 7), commonly found among serotype 1 isolates. An ST 2174 lineage that included serotypes 19A and 23F was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a decline in pneumococcal meningitis post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Senegal. However, disease caused by pathogens covered by vaccines in widespread use still persists. There is need for continued effective monitoring of vaccine-preventable meningitis

2023 State of the Commonwealth Report

This is Old Dominion University\u27s ninth annual State of the Commonwealth Report. While it represents the work of many people connected in various ways to the University, the report does not constitute an official viewpoint of Old Dominion, its president, Brian Hemphill, Ph.D., the board of Visitors, the Strome College of Business or the generous donors who support the activities of the Dragas Center for Economic Analysis and Policy. Our work seeks to contribute to the conversation about how Virginia can foster growth across the Commonwealth without glossing over the challenges we face. Instead of retreating into partisan enclaves where affirmation is sought over information, we want to encourage difficult conversations to improve economic outcomes for all of Virginia\u27s residents

The State of the Region: Hampton Roads 2023

This is Old Dominion University’s 24th annual State of the Region Report. While it represents the work of many people connected in various ways to the university, the report does not constitute an official viewpoint of Old Dominion, its president, Brian Hemphill, Ph.D., the Board of Visitors, the Strome College of Business or the generous donors who support the activities of the Dragas Center for Economic Analysis and Policy. Over the past year, we have experienced rising interest rates, persistent inflation, and the continued impact of geopolitical shocks on our daily lives. We live, for better or worse, in interesting times and our ability to grow as a region will certainly be tested in the coming years. There is good news to report. The region has largely recovered from the pandemic-related shocks of 2020 and, in some sectors, a new expansion is underway. While the pillars of the regional economy are strong, the region remains overly reliant on federal spending. Whether federal spending will continue to increase over the coming decade is an open question. With this in mind, we dive into the question of whether Hampton Roads can improve its economic performance relative to its peer and aspirant metropolitan regions. We applaud efforts by local and regional organizations to promote economic development, but we also must gauge these efforts against the data. Can we move the needle to diversify our economy, provide improved opportunities to residents, and attract new residents to the area we call home

Maureen O'Neil, présidente du CRDI : "30% des fonds destinés à l'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre sont allés au Sénégal"

Lié à des projets du CRDI sans en être un produit direc

Analyse microéconomique et modélisation bioéconomique de la pêcherie artisanale de sardinelles au Sénégal

Small pelagic fish are the main fish resource in North West Africa. In Senegal, they are mainly represented by the sardinellas (Sardinella aurita and S. maderensis). The fishery, mostly composed by purse seins and encircling gill nets, is predominantly performed by artisanal fishers and is of great importance for the Senegalese economy and for food security in the region. However, the last fish stock assessment has shown a decrease of the biomass and an overexploitation status for the West African Sardinella resource. In such context, the operating conditions for this fishery have changed during the recent years, thus a profitability analysis of this Senegalese fishery is performed and a bioeconomic model is developed to simulate the dynamics of sardinella exploitation. This model will allow managers and decision makers to analyze the responses of the fishery to economic (price, costs), biologic (growth, mortality, recruitment) and management (tax, subsidies, licenses, spatial regulations) parameters. The profitability analysis over the last twenty years show that the fisheries had considerably lost in profitability (65 to 100 %) while the operating costs increased by 25 and 90 % for encircling gillnet and purse seine, respectively. The bioeconomic model shows a high overcapacity in the fishery; on this basis, to achieve the goal of optimizing the fishery exploitation according to socio-economic and sustainability objectives we recommend to reduce the fishing capacity by 50 %. Our results showed that for management measures the freeze or decrease of fishing effort allows for better results in terms of profit, rent, and individual income for the fishermen but also promotes a sustainable exploitation. The resources studied in this work are shared among several countries, our future perspective is to apply our approach to the whole distribution area of the species in the sub-region. This can be done by means of concerted studies with the countries sharing the same resources, to support the national management bodies and decision-makers with a common tool for accurate fisheries investigation and management.Les petits poissons pélagiques sont les principales ressources exploitées en biomasse dans le Nord-Ouest africain. Au Sénégal, ils sont principalement représentés par les sardinelles (Sardinella aurita and S. maderensis). Cette pêcherie, essentiellement artisanale, est composée par des unités de pêche à la senne tournante ou au filet maillant encerclant. Elle est d’une importance majeure pour l’économie et la sécurité alimentaire au Sénégal et dans la sous-région. Cependant, les dernières évaluations de stocks ont montré une baisse de la biomasse mais aussi une situation de surexploitation récurrente. Dans ce contexte, on note ces dernières années que les conditions d’exploitation de la ressource ont changé, ce qui nous amène à réaliser une analyse de la rentabilité de la pêcherie ainsi que le développement d’un modèle bioéconomique pour simuler l’exploitation des sardinelles au Sénégal. Ce modèle permet d’analyser les réponses de la pêcherie face aux changements de ses paramètres intrinsèques sur trois composantes i.e. économique (prix et coûts), biologique (e.g. croissance, mortalité, recrutement) et politique (e.g. taxes, subventions, fermetures spatiotemporelles). L’analyse de rentabilité de la pêcherie sur une période de vingt années a montré une baisse du profit des armateurs allant de 65 jusqu’à 100 % et une augmentation de 25 et 90 % des coûts d’exploitation respectivement pour les filets maillants encerclants et les sennes tournantes. Le modèle bioéconomique montre une situation de forte surcapacité dans la pêcherie. Pour optimiser l’exploitation de cette pêcherie selon des aspects socioéconomiques et de durabilité, nous recommandons de baisser de moitié la capacité de pêche. Les mesures de gestion simulées au travers de notre modèle indiquent que le gel ou la baisse de la capacité de pêche offrent les meilleurs résultats plus particulièrement en termes de profit, de rente et de revenu individuel, mais favorisent aussi la durabilité de l’exploitation. La ressource étudiée dans ce travail étant partagée entre plusieurs Etats, notre perspective future est de considérer l’ensemble de l’aire de répartition de la ressource dans la sous-région par le biais d’études concertées avec les Etats partageant cette dernière, ceci afin de doter les décideurs et les instances (nationales et régionales) de gestion d’un outil commun d’investigation et d’aménagement des pêches via des scenarios de gestion

Après 30 ans au Sénégal, le CRDI visite ses réalisations

Lié à des projets du CRDI sans en être un produit direc

Cartographie des changements de la couverture végétale dans les aires protégées du Ferlo (Nord Sénégal) : cas de la réserve de biosphère

L'étude présente les cartographies de l'occupation du sol de la réserve de biosphère du Ferlo (créée en 2012) réalisées, par interprétation visuelle, à partir d'images satellitaires (Arcgis et Corona) prises en 1965 et 2017. Douze modes (ou classes) d'occupation du sol ont été distingués : ripicole relique, savane boisée, savane arborée, savane arbustive à arborée, savane arbustive, steppe arbustive à arborée, steppe arborée, steppe arbustive, sol et roche à nu, culture pluviale et jachère, habitat, mare. Les formations végétales spontanées couvraient 96 % de la superficie totale en 1965 et encore plus de 94 % en 2017. Toutefois cette stabilité relevée pour l'ensemble de la végétation spontanée s'est accompagnée d'une forte évolution des différents types de couvert. Sur les presque 1 914 000 ha occupés par la végétation spontanée en 1965, 38,2 % sont restés rattachés à la même classe d'occupation du sol entre les deux dates, 42,1 % ont subi une évolution négative (surtout au nord et à l'extrême sud) et 19,7 % une évolution positive (surtout au sud-ouest). Les savanes arbustives à arborées restent dominantes (environ 687 000 ha en 1965 et 603 000 ha en 2017), mais les steppes arbustives ont beaucoup progressé (environ 240 000 ha en 1965 et 497 000 ha en 2017). Nous retrouvons ici la dégradation du couvert végétal commune à l'ensemble du Sahel. Plus qu'aux conditions naturelles (la sécheresse qui est apparue au début des années 1970), cette évolution semble due à la présence maintenant continue au Ferlo de populations jadis transhumantes.The study presents land cover maps of the Ferlo Biosphere Reserve (created in 2012) made by visual interpretation from satellite images (Arcgis and Corona) taken in 1965 and 2017. Twelve land cover patterns (or classes) were identified: riparian relic forest, woody savannah, tree savannah, shrub savannah with trees, shrub savannah, tree steppe, shrub steppe with trees, shrub steppe, bare soil and rock, rainfall crop and fallow, habitat, pond. The spontaneous vegetation formations covered 96 % of the total area in 1965 and still more than 94 % in 2017. However this stability of the land cover by the spontaneous vegetation, was accompanied by a strong evolution of the different types of cover. Of the nearly 1,914,000 ha inhabited by spontaneous vegetation in 1965, 38.2 % retained the same land cover class between the two dates, 42.1 % have decreased (especially in the north and extreme south) and 19.7% have increased (especially in the south-west). Shrub savannahs with trees remain dominant (about 687 000 ha in 1965, about 603 000 ha in 2017), but the shrub steppes have increased significantly (about 240 000 ha in 1965, about 497 000 ha in 2017). We find here the degradation of vegetation cover common to all the Sahel. More than natural conditions (the drought that appeared in the early 1970s), this evolution seems to be due in Ferlo to the presence, now continuously, of formerly transhumant populations

International conference ICAWA 2017 and 2018 : extended book of abstract : the AWA project : ecosystem approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African waters

Small pelagic fish are the main fish resource in North West Africa. In Senegal, they are mainly represented by the sardinellas (Sardinella aurita and S. maderensis). The fishery, mostly composed by purse seins and encircling gill nets, is predominantly performed by artisanal fishers and is of great importance for the Senegalese economy and for food security in the region. However this fisheries is totally (engine fuel and fishing gear) subsidized by the state. Because of these effects, sometimes negative, this subsidy is the subject of severe criticism in the world. In such context, the operating conditions for this fishery have changed during the recent years, thus a bioeconomic model is developed to simulate the dynamics of sardinella exploitation and analyze the impact of subsidies on the dynamics of the fishery. This model may also allow managers and decision makers to analyze the responses of the fishery to economic (price, costs), biologic (growth, mortality, recruitment) and management (tax, subsidies, licenses, spatial regulations) parameters