35 research outputs found
Idiosyncratic deals for older workers: increased heterogeneity among older workers enhance the need for i-Deals
The rapid aging of the workforce throughout the Western world and parts of Asia,
including Japan and China, poses many challenges on contemporary organizations
(European Commission, 2010 ; Wang & Shultz, 2010 ). The Babyboom generation,
consisting of workers born between 1945 and 1965, constitutes a large part of the
current workforce. Due to decreased fertility rates, there are fewer younger workers
entering the labor market, as a consequence of which the percentage of older workers
is rapidly increasing (Truxillo & Fraccaroli, 2013 ). Consequently, organizations are
increasingly aware that the employee population is changing, and that strategies to
employ, motivate, and retain workers have to be adapted accordingly. It is no longer
suffi cient for organizations to focus on employing younger workers (e.g., through
designing traineeships for graduates), because the infl ux of younger workers in the
labor market is stagnating, which is in particular present in certain sectors, such as
technical occupations and health care (Polat, Bal, & Jansen, 2012 ). Hence, organizations
increasingly will have to rely on older workers, and try to retain older
workers, and motivate them to stay longer in the workforce. Similarly, governments
across Europe are also increasing offi cial retirement ages, and making it fi nancially
less attractive for older workers to retire early (European Commission)
The Response of Lemna minor to Mixtures of Pesticides That Are Commonly Used in Thailand
In the field, aquatic organisms are exposed to multiple contaminants rather than to single compounds. It is therefore important to understand the toxic interactions of co-occurring substances in the environment. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of individual herbicides (atrazine, 2,4-D, alachlor and paraquat) that are commonly used in Thailand and their mixtures on Lemna minor. Plants were exposed to individual and binary mixtures for 7 days and the effects on plant growth rate were assesed based on frond area measurements. Experimental observations of mixture toxicity were compared with predictions based on single herbicide exposure data using concentration addition and independent action models. The single compound studies showed that paraquat and alachlor were most toxic to L. minor, followed by atrazine and then 2,4-D. For the mixtures, atrazine with 2,4-D appeared to act antagonistically, whereas alachlor and paraquat showed synergism