Desempenho de cinco cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha na rebrotação, em sistemas de integração no cerrado brasileiro.

Comissão organizadora: Grácia Maria Soares Rosinha, Alexandra Rocha de Oliveir, Rodrigo Carvalho Alva

Assessment of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from the tallow biodiesel production chain including land use change (LUC).

Economic uncertainties and environmental constraints regarding fossil fuels have encouraged initiatives for renewable energy sources and assessment of their life cycle impacts. Brazil ranks second worldwide in biodiesel production, despite the relatively recent organization of its national chain, marked by the creation of the National Program for Biodiesel Production and Use (PNPB). The Central-West region is responsible for the largest share of biodiesel production (44.4%) and the largest cattle slaughter (37.5%). In this scenario, beef tallow has great potential for expansion of biodiesel production, since it is a byproduct of the chain that, when not properly disposed, presents a considerable environmental burden. This work presents a method for assessing environmental performance that integrates life cycle assessment (LCA) with land use change (LUC) for analysis of the tallow biodiesel production chain. The results are given in terms of increment in annual greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions per hectare related to local tallow biodiesel. The system's boundary covers a representative major cattle farming area in Central-West Brazil. For the LCA segment of the method, five inventory allocations were considered: (i) without allocation, (ii) mass, (iii) market value, (iv) energy and (v) an ?average allocation?, calculated as the mean of mass, market value and energy. The last one is a novel approach proposed in this work, aggregating all the others, which separately result in under or over estimation of impacts. Using the ?average allocation?, the increment in annual GHG emission per hectare from tallow biodiesel production, is 43.2 kg CO2eq ha-1 y-1. This value is 17% less than the emission increment due to soybean biodiesel (50.2 kg CO2eq ha-1 y-1). LUC is responsible for 96% of the emission assessed, which demonstrates the importance of including LUC assessment in life cycle assessment of tallow biodiesel. According to the sensitivity analyses performed, changes from crop to pasture have superior environmental performance among the investigated options. Land use management is essential to preserve the remaining natural areas, making tallow biodiesel more sustainabl

Custo-benefício dos sistemas de produção em integração.

A adoção de sistemas de produção em integração. Características econômicas da integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta. Diretrizes para avaliação econômica de sistemas de integração.bitstream/item/159858/1/Custo-beneficio-dos-sistemas-de-producao.pdfCapítulo 15

Manejo das árvores e propriedades da madeira em sistema de ILPF com eucalipto.

Produção de eucalipto em sistemas de integração. A importância das práticas de manejo em sistema de integração. O eucalipto como componente florestal em sistemas de integração. O arranjo espacial do eucalipto em sistemas de integração. O desbaste do eucalipto em sistemas de integração. A desrama do eucalipto em sistemas de integração. Qualidade e propriedades da madeira de eucalipto de sistemas de integração.bitstream/item/159853/1/Manejo-das-arvores-e-propriedades.pdfCapítulo 9

Manejo das árvores e propriedades da madeira em sistema de ILPF com eucalipto.

O aquecimento do mercado de madeira tem proporcionado o aumento substancial na busca por informações técnicas sobre sistemas florestais e agrossilvipastoris, como, por exemplo, sobre as características dos clones de eucaliptos disponíveis, bem como os melhores arranjos de árvores para tais sistemas. Devido à importância da pecuária de corte para o Brasil, existe uma forte demanda por informações sobre o cultivo comercial de árvores em associação com a produção de bovinos de corte em pastagens. Estima-se que em sistemas silvipastoris implantados em fazenda de pecuária de corte típica da região Centro-Oeste, cultivando-se, por exemplo, 200 árvores por hectare, manejadas para produzir madeira para serraria, existe potencial para adicionar-se, em média, cerca de R$ 300,00/ha/ano à renda do estabelecimento rural em um período de 12 anos, necessário para o corte final das árvores. A lucratividade de sistemas silvipastoris tem sido demonstrada por vários trabalhos, como o de Marlats et al. (1995) por exemplo, que refere-se aos resultados obtidos da comparação entre monocultura de floresta, monocultura de pastagens e sistema silvipastoril com 250 e 416 árvores por hectare. Nesse estudo, o sistema silvipastoril apresentou as melhores taxas internas de retorno do investimento, superando a renda líquida obtida nas monoculturas. Portanto, a introdução do componente florestal nos sistemas de produção em integração visa, sobretudo, a diversificação de renda da propriedade rural, trazendo vários outros enefícios econômicos e ambientais

Cattle production in silvopastoral systems compared to monoculture pasture in the Brazilian Cerrado.

Adoption of silvopastoral systems (SS) in Brazil has been stimulated in the last decade. This work aimed to evaluate beef production under SS with eucalyptus using densities of 178 and 441 trees per ha and to compare it to a traditional monoculture Piatã grass pasture (PM) in the Brazilian Cerrado. Shading caused by the two tree densities, in the third year of the systems implementation did not cause changes neither on forage mass nor on its nutritive value. As consequence, results show that both SS did not differ from the PM for beef cattle production in the period studied, allowing better thermal comfort for grazing cattle, besides wood production and greenhouse gases mitigation

Life cycle inventories for beef cattle in Brazil.

This chapter presents information on the main resources and emissions considered in the life cycle inventory for beef cattle production in Brazil. The beef cattle industry in Brazil was responsible for around 5 billion dollars in exports (IBGE, 2015). There are several alternatives for characterizing Brazilian beef cattle production systems. This work adopted two basic parameters: i) phases of the production cycle carried out in a production unit, i.e., in a farm; ii) level of intensification of cattle system, especially related to supplementary feeding and pasture fertilization

Variabilidade nas características do pasto de capim-piatã em sistema silvipastoril.

The objective of this study was to verify the variations of the structural characteristics and the mass of forage of piatã grass in different sampling points in a luminosity gradient of a silvipatoril system with density of 357 ha-1 trees. The experiment was carried out at Fazenda Boa Aguada, located in the municipality of Ribas do Rio Pardo-MS. The evaluations were carried out in the period from 07/07/2017 to 01/01/2017. The experimental design was a randomized block design. The treatments consisted of five equidistant sample points (A, B, C, D and E), in a transect perpendicular to two rows of trees, with points A and E close to the rows of trees. The dry mass of leaves (kg ha-1 of DM), dry mass of leaves (kg ha-1 of DM), dry mass of leaves dry mass of dead material (kg ha-1 of MS), leaf:stem ratio and green material ratio:dead. The grass of piatã did not present variations in the structural characteristics in different points of sampling within a silvipatoril system in the first year of evaluation.ZOOTEC2019. Resumo expandido