Hubungan Kadar Kolestrol Low Density Lipoprotein Plasma Dengan Kadar High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein Pada Remaja Obes

: Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality in the developed countries and in the future, it is predicted to be the leading cause of mortality in the developing countries. Low density lipoprotein, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and obesity have been identified as risk factors of atherosclerosis. Obesity during childhood and adolescents tends to occur during adults life. The aim of this study is to know the levels of low density lipoprotein and high sensitivity C-reactive protein and the correlation between those two levels in obese adolescents. This observational cross sectional study design involved 17 obese adolescents and analyzed using Spearman Correlation Test. The results showed the mean levels of LDL was 123,0 mg/dL, and hs-CRP was 1,618 mg/L. Spearman correlation test showed significance value (p) was 0,024 and correlation significance value coefficient was 0,544. From the results can be concluded that the levels of low density lipoprotein levels in obese adolescents is in normal range, obese adolescents are associated with a moderate risk of cardiovascular disease at the future and there is a significant positive correlation between low density lipoprotein cholestrol levels and high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in obese adolescents

Experimental Study of Hysteretic Steel Damper for Energy Dissipation Capacity

This study aims to evaluate energy absorption capacity of hysteretic steel damper for earthquake protection of structures.These types of steel dampers are fabricated from mild steel plate with different geometrical shapes on the side part, namely, straight, concave, and convex shapes. The performance of the proposed device was verified experimentally by a series of tests under increasing inplane cyclic load. The overall test results indicated that the proposed steel dampers have similar hysteretic curves, but the specimen with convex-shaped side not only showed stable hysteretic behavior but also showed excellent energy dissipation capabilities and ductility factor. Furthermore, the load-deformation relation of these steel dampers can be decomposed into three parts, namely, skeleton curve, Bauschinger part, and elastic unloading part. The skeleton curve is commonly used to obtain the main parameters, which describe the behavior of steel damper, namely, yield strength, elastic stiffness, and postyield stiffness ratio. Moreover, the effective stiffness, effective damping ratio, cumulative plastic strain energy, and cumulative ductility factor were also derived from the results. Finally, an approximation trilinear hysteretic model was developed based on skeleton curve obtained from experimental results

Scoring for Intelligence Quotient Test from Scanned Answer Form

A counseling ministry that serves the request of personality and intelligence tests faces difficulties in scoring the answer of these tests. This is due to a small number of staff, while the programs they are doing are quite a lot. Until this recent, clients write their answers on the answer sheet. So the scoring is done by counting one by one the right answer. From the survey, the average time required to compute an answer sheet is more than 3 minutes. The major problem encountered in the scoring process is inaccuracies due to fatigue at the time of counting. To perform a re-calculation obviously requires a much longer time. Often, there is no re-checking the scoring process. To overcome these problems, we developed an application to read and scoring the answer sheets of the tests automatically. The experiment result on our system shows that the average time required in scoring an answer sheet is less than 2 minutes. In addition to less time, a better accuracy is gained

Juvenile otosclerosis and congenital stapes footplate fixation. A systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical outcomes and management

Objective: Juvenile Otosclerosis (JO) and Congenital Stapes Footplate Fixation (CSFF) are rare ossicular chain disorders seen in the paediatric population and present with conductive hearing loss. Ongoing controversy exists regarding the role of surgical intervention in JO and CSFF given the poorer hearing outcomes and complications when compared with surgical intervention for adult otosclerosis. The objective of this study is to assess the published data on the surgical outcomes of JO and CSFF in order to guide clinicians and counsel patients on the various medical options for these disease entities. Methods: A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane was performed with inclusion criteria of children with JO or CSFF and hearing outcomes following stapes surgery. Studies identified by the search were reviewed and assessed by two independent reviewers in line with the PRISMA guidelines. Results: 464 articles were initially reviewed and 28 articles met inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 810 ears (473 and 337 cases of JO and CSFF respectively) underwent stapes surgery. Average age at time of surgery for JO and CSFF was 14.3 and 10.2 years old respectively. The mean pre-operative Air-Bone-Gap (ABG) for JO and CSFF was 31.8 ± 5.2 dB and 39.4 ± 10 dB respectively. Following stapes surgery, the mean post-operative ABG for JO and CSFF was 9.6 ± 6 dB and 19.2 ± 12.5 dB respectively. Surgical success rate (defined as ABG <10 dB) was 81% for JO and 41% for CSFF. Mean ABG gain for JO and CSFF was 24.8 dB (95% CI: 18.6–33.1) and 22.6 dB (95% CI: 18.4–27.8) respectively. The reported number of dead ears was 4/473 (0.8%) for JO and 2/337 (0.6%) for CSFF. 23 cases (2.8%) reported sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) >10 dB. Conclusion: CSFF was associated with poorer hearing outcomes compared to JO, however both entities showed similar improvement in ABG post operatively. Counselling patients and their families on the surgical success rates and complications of JO or CSFF is an important part of the decision making process when deciding between a surgical option or conservative measures such as hearing aids

Effect of short-term hindlimb immobilization on skeletal muscle atrophy and the transcriptome in a low compared with high responder to endurance training model

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a physiological response to disuse, aging, and disease. We compared changes in muscle mass and the transcriptome profile after short-term immobilization in a divergent model of high and low responders to endurance training to identify biological processes associated with the early atrophy response. Female rats selectively bred for high response to endurance training (HRT) and low response to endurance training (LRT; n = 6/group; generation 19) underwent 3 day hindlimb cast immobilization to compare atrophy of plantaris and soleus muscles with line-matched controls (n = 6/group). RNA sequencing was utilized to identify Gene Ontology Biological Processes with differential gene set enrichment. Aerobic training performed prior to the intervention showed HRT improved running distance (+60.6 ± 29.6%), while LRT were unchanged (-0.3 ± 13.3%). Soleus atrophy was greater in LRT vs. HRT (-9.0 ±8.8 vs. 6.2 ±8.2%; P<0.05) and there was a similar trend in plantaris (-16.4 ±5.6% vs. -8.5 ±7.4%; P = 0.064). A total of 140 and 118 biological processes were differentially enriched in plantaris and soleus muscles, respectively. Soleus muscle exhibited divergent LRT and HRT responses in processes including autophagy and immune response. In plantaris, processes associated with protein ubiquitination, as well as the atrogenes (Trim63 and Fbxo32), were more positively enriched in LRT. Overall, LRT demonstrate exacerbated atrophy compared to HRT, associated with differential gene enrichments of biological processes. This indicates that genetic factors that result in divergent adaptations to endurance exercise, may also regulate biological processes associated with short-term muscle unloading

Low responders to endurance training exhibit impaired hypertrophy and divergent biological process responses in rat skeletal muscle

NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? The extent to which genetics determines adaptation to endurance versus resistance exercise is unclear. Previously, a divergent selective breeding rat model showed that genetic factors play a major role in the response to aerobic training. Here, we asked: do genetic factors that underpin poor adaptation to endurance training affect adaptation to functional overload? What is the main finding and its importance? Our data show that heritable factors in low responders to endurance training generated differential gene expression that was associated with impaired skeletal muscle hypertrophy. A maladaptive genotype to endurance exercise appears to dysregulate biological processes responsible for mediating exercise adaptation, irrespective of the mode of contraction stimulus.ABSTRACT: Divergent skeletal muscle phenotypes result from chronic resistance-type versus endurance-type contraction, reflecting the principle of training specificity. Our aim was to determine whether there is a common set of genetic factors that influence skeletal muscle adaptation to divergent contractile stimuli. Female rats were obtained from a genetically heterogeneous rat population and were selectively bred from high responders to endurance training (HRT) or low responders to endurance training (LRT; n = 6/group; generation 19). Both groups underwent 14 days of synergist ablation to induce functional overload of the plantaris muscle before comparison to non-overloaded controls of the same phenotype. RNA sequencing was performed to identify Gene Ontology biological processes with differential (LRT vs. HRT) gene set enrichment. We found that running distance, determined in advance of synergist ablation, increased in response to aerobic training in HRT but not LRT (65 ± 26 vs. -6 ± 18%, mean ± SD, P < 0.0001). The hypertrophy response to functional overload was attenuated in LRT versus HRT (20.1 ± 5.6 vs. 41.6 ± 16.1%, P = 0.015). Between-group differences were observed in the magnitude of response of 96 upregulated and 101 downregulated pathways. A further 27 pathways showed contrasting upregulation or downregulation in LRT versus HRT in response to functional overload. In conclusion, low responders to aerobic endurance training were also low responders for compensatory hypertrophy, and attenuated hypertrophy was associated with differential gene set regulation. Our findings suggest that genetic factors that underpin aerobic training maladaptation might also dysregulate the transcriptional regulation of biological processes that contribute to adaptation to mechanical overload.</p

Low responders to endurance training exhibit impaired hypertrophy and divergent biological process responses in rat skeletal muscle

Divergent skeletal muscle phenotypes result from chronic resistance‐type versus endurance‐type contraction, reflecting the principle of training specificity. Aim: To determine whether there is a common set of genetic factors that influence skeletal muscle adaptation to divergent contractile stimuli. Methods: Female rats were obtained from a genetically heterogenous rat population and were selectively bred from high responders to endurance training (HRT) or low responders to endurance training (LRT; n = 6/group; generation 19). Both groups underwent 14‐d synergist ablation to induce functional overload of the plantaris muscle prior to comparison to non‐overload controls of the same phenotype. RNA sequencing was performed to identify Gene Ontology Biological Processes with differential (LRT vs HRT) gene set enrichment. Results: Running distance, determined in advance of synergist ablation, increased in response to aerobic training in HRT but not LRT (65 ±26% versus ‐6 ±18%, mean ± SD, P<0.0001). The hypertrophy response to functional overload was attenuated in LRT versus HRT (20.1 ±5.6% versus 41.6 ±16.1%, P = 0.015). Between‐group differences were observed in the magnitude of response of 96 upregulated and 101 downregulated pathways. A further 27 pathways showed contrasting upregulation or downregulation in LRT versus HRT in response to functional overload. Conclusions: Low responders to aerobic endurance training were also low responders for compensatory hypertrophy, and attenuated hypertrophy was associated with differential gene set regulation. Our findings suggest that genetic factors that underpin aerobic training maladaptation may also dysregulate the transcriptional regulation of biological processes that contribute to adaptation to mechanical overload