La historia de la Iglesia en la historiografía chilena 1965-2015 (I)

The history of the Catholic Church in Chile has been treated from multiple perspectives, both by ecclesiastical historians and civilians. Equally varied are the themes addressed by those authors, which reflect the cross-cutting nature of the incidence and influence of the Church in different spheres of national life both in the Hispanic period, the process of independ- ence and its Republican life. This article sets out the main contributions that Chilean historiography has provided to the history of the Church in the last fifty years, according to a selection of topics such as education, the world of ideas, evangelisation and missions, religious congregations, clergy, popular religiosity, Chilean saints and relations with the State.La historia de la Iglesia en Chile ha sido tratada desde múltiples perspectivas, tanto por historiadores eclesiásticos como civiles. Igualmente variadas son las temáticas abordadas por dichos autores, que reflejan la transversalidad de la incidencia e influencia de la Iglesia en distintos ámbitos de la vida nacional tanto en el período hispano, en el proceso de Independencia y en su vida republicana. En el presente artículo se exponen las principales aportaciones que en los últimos cincuenta años ha brindado la historiografía chilena a la historia de la Iglesia, de acuerdo a una selección de temas como la educación, el mundo de las ideas, evangelización y misiones, las congregaciones religiosas, el clero, religio- sidad popular, santos y relaciones con el Estado

New antimicrobial surfaces and intravascular catheters for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are an important health issue around the world. The consequences of HAIs incidence include prolonged hospital stays, increased resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials, higher costs for health systems and for the patients, and an increase in morbidity and mortality. Microbial and fungal contamination and colonization of abiotic surfaces and intravascular catheters (IVCs) are major risk factors that increase the incidence of HAIs. A number of measures aimed at reducing the contamination of abiotic surfaces and catheter colonization have been implemented, such as surface cleaning and disinfection, hand hygiene and the use of sterile barrier precautions. However, such measures have limited efficacy and have failed to eradicate completely HAIs. For this reason, an attractive approach to overcome this issue is to design surfaces and IVCs which exhibit self-disinfecting activity. This thesis focused on these two important causes responsible for the high incidence of HAIs and their prevention. First, the antimicrobial activity of copper-coated surfaces was assessed. To this aim, we used an innovative coating technique, direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS), to generate flexible copper-sputtered polyester surfaces (Cu-PES). Then, the antimicrobial activity of these surfaces was tested under dark and visible light irradiation conditions against a broad spectrum of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens. In addition, we investigated the mechanism of the killing process of microbial cells caused by those surfaces. It was shown that flexible Cu-PES have a rapid bactericidal activity (within minutes) under dark conditions against all tested AMR bacteria, which was likely induced by a contact killing process. Then, the activity of Cu-PES was assessed against yeast under dark and visible light irradiation conditions. We showed that the photo-activation of those surfaces led to an acceleration of the fungicidal activity compared to the activity under dark conditions. The faster antifungal effect induced by visible light was due to the semiconductor Cu2O/CuO charge separation. Second, DCMS technology was used to generate copper (Cu)-coated IVCs (first generation of catheters) and silver-copper (Ag/Cu)-coated IVCs (second generation of catheters). The ability of these two generations of coated-IVC to prevent catheter colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a major culprit of catheter-related bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients, was assessed both in vitro and in vivo, in a rat model of IVC infection to closely mimic the infection occurring in humans. First generation catheters (Cu-coated) showed a significant efficiency in vitro in preventing catheter colonization by MRSA but were less effective to prevent in vivo infection caused by MRSA. Second generation of catheters, Ag/Cu-coated catheters, completely prevented MRSA infection in vitro. In addition, they reduced the rate infection in vivo. The higher antimicrobial activity was likely due to a synergistic effect between silver and copper. However, even if the infection rate in vivo was reduced, it was not fully prevented. This was explained by the adsorption of plasma proteins onto the catheters, which created a sheath that inhibited catheter-bacterial contact. Overall, these findings suggest that DCMS technology is a suitable strategy to design novel antimicrobial surfaces and coated-IVC for preventing HAIs

Saggio di Glossario dialettale diacronico (A-B) del Baldus di Teofilo Folengo

[...]. La mia tesi di dottorato presenta un saggio di glossario dialettale diacronico (A-B) esteso a tutte e quattro le redazioni del Baldus, per un totale di oltre quattrocento lemmi. Il lavoro coniuga lessicografia dialettale e filologia d’autore. Si tratta, infatti, per quanto attiene al primo ambito, di un glossario esaustivo (per il segmento alfabetico A-B) dei dialettismi, nel quale si mira a ricostruire la geografia e la storia delle parole dialettali presupposte dai macaronismi del Baldus (vale a dire la loro area di diffusione nei dialetti moderni e, fin dove possibile, negli antichi volgari, con particolare attenzione al sec. XVI), con ampiezza di riscontri dialettali, indicazione della prima attestazione e dell’etimo. Ma, oltre a questo, il glossario si configura anche come una concordanza diacronica: per ogni lemma è fornita la lista completa dei contesti in cui occorre nelle quattro redazioni del Baldus e di ogni contesto è ricostruita la storia redazionale; a ciascun luogo in cui è attestato un dialettismo, infatti, si è affiancato il luogo corrispondente nelle altre redazioni, così da fornire sistematicamente una rappresentazione esplicita del movimento variantistico. Per agevolare l’allestimento del glossario, è stato realizzato un corpus testuale informatizzato delle quattro redazioni del Baldus con il software GATTO (Gestione degli Archivi Testuali del Tesoro delle Origini), in cui sono stati inseriti i testi integrali delle quattro versioni del poema, per un totale di circa cinquantamila versi. Il corpus, propedeutico all’opera lessicografica, rappresenta anche uno strumento potenzialmente autonomo, la cui libera interrogazione potrebbe avere una considerevole utilità per gli studi linguistici e letterari, folenghiani e non solo. [...]

Les complexes de type bc (aspects fonctionnels et évolution moléculaire)

AIX-MARSEILLE1-BU Sci.St Charles (130552104) / SudocSudocFranceF