Land-use experiments in the Loch Laidon catchment: sixth report on stream water quality to the Rannoch Trust

This report presents and summarises data from the Stream Water Quality project instigated by the Rannoch Trust in 1992. The project is a component of the Loch Laidon Catchment land-use experiment, which is investigating the effects of differing cattle grazing regimes on the terrestrial and aquatic upland environment. Allott et al (1994) described the project rationale and background whilst progress reports (see References) have provided ongoing updates of the accumulating dataset

Cool habitats support darker and bigger butterflies in Australian tropical forests

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Pediatric Dysphagia: The 10th Anniversary Issue

ABSTRACT Over the past decade, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have increased their involvement in the assessment and management of infants and children with complex feeding and swallowing problems. Given the complex problems demonstrated by these infants and children that vary across a range of conditions and degrees of severity, SLPs need to increase their knowledge in all the topics covered in this issue. This article will discuss the current state of evidence-based decision making, levels of evidence for studies of treatment efficacy, ethical principles in evidencebased decision making, and ethical decision-making considerations with feeding and swallowing issues using examples of three types of populations of infants and children with complex feeding and swallowing problems. KEYWORDS: Dysphagia, deglutition, evidence-based, bioethics, pediatric Learning Outcomes: As a result of this activity, the reader will be able to (1) describe ethical principles and their relationship to feeding and swallowing issues in infants and young children, (2) state three rules of ethics related to clinical intervention with infants and children with complex dysphagia, and (3) describe the three components of an evidence-based clinical approach to the care of infants and young children with feeding and swallowing problems. Over the past decade, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have increasingly found themselves involved in assessment and management of infants and children with feeding and swallowing problems. These infants and children demonstrate complex problems that vary over a wide range of conditions and degrees of severity. Feeding issues frequently are at the forefront o

UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN HASIL PEMANFAATAN MANGROVE DI DESA TANJUNG REJO, KECAMATAN PERCUT SEI TUAN, KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

The purpose of this study was to find out how the efforts were made to develop the results of the use of mangroves in Tanjung Rejo Village, Percut Sei Tuan Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency. The population in this study is the Real Bakti KTH Group in the Mangrove Forest area of ​​Tanjung Rejo Village. The sample used in this study was to conduct interviews with the Head of the KTH Bakti Real Group, Mr. Salamin Yahya, the Head of the Srikandi Bakti Real Group, Mrs. Sakilah, and the Deputy Chairperson of the Srikandi Bakti Real Group, Mrs. Suryaningsih. The data collection technique used is field research, where the author goes directly to the field to obtain the necessary data. The results of the research conducted show that the development of mangrove products in this village is still not optimal, so it is necessary to make further development efforts, especially in the field of product marketing.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan untuk pengembangan hasil pemanfaatan mangrove di Desa Tanjung Rejo, Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan, Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) Bakti Nyata yang ada di kawasan wilayah Hutan Mangrove Desa Tanjung Rejo. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap Ketua Kelompok KTH Bakti Nyata Bapak Salamin Yahya, Ketua Kelompok Srikandi Bakti Nyata Ibu Sakilah, dan Wakil Ketua Kelompok Srikandi Bakti Nyata Ibu Suryaningsih. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah field research yaitu penulis terjun langsung ke lapangan untuk memperoleh data yang diperlukan. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa pengembangan hasil produk mangrove di desa ini masih belum maksimal, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya pengembangan lebih lanjut lagi khususnya di bidang pemasaran produk

Virtual versus Physical Channel for Sex Networking in Men Having Sex with Men of Sauna Customers in the City of Hong Kong

BACKGROUND: Advances in communication technology may affect networking pattern, thereby influencing the dynamics of sex partnership. The aim of the study is to explore the impacts of partner sourcing through internet and related channels on exposure risk to sexually transmitted infections (STI) including HIV. METHODS: Using venue-based sampling, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted at saunas frequented by men having sex with men (MSM) in Hong Kong. Comparison was made between MSM sourcing partners through physical venues alone versus concomitant users of physical and virtual channels, the latter referring to internet and smart-phone applications, using bivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Over a 7-week study period, 299 MSM were recruited from 9 saunas. Three main types of sex partners were distinguished: steady (46.8%), regular (26.4%) and casual (96.0%) partners. Users of sauna (n = 78) were compared with concomitant users of saunas and virtual channels (n = 179) for partner sourcing. Sauna-visiting virtual channel users were younger and inclined to use selected physical venues for sourcing partners. Smart-phone users (n = 90) were not different from other internet-users in terms of age, education level and single/mixed self-identified body appearance. Classifying respondents into high risk and low risk MSM by their frequency of condom use, concomitant use of both sauna and virtual channels accounted for a higher proportion in the high risk category (71.6% vs. 58.2%, OR = 1.81, p<0.05). In virtual channel users, partner sourcing through smart-phone was not associated with a higher practice of unprotected sex. CONCLUSION: MSM sauna customers commonly use virtual channels for sex partner sourcing. Unprotected sex is more prevalent in sauna customers who use virtual channel for sex partner sourcing. While the popularity of smart-phone is rising, its use is not associated with increased behavioural risk for HIV/STI transmission

Multifunctionality of silver closo-boranes

Silver compounds share a rich history in technical applications including photography, catalysis, photocatalysis, cloud seeding and as antimicrobial agents. Here we present a class of silver compounds (Ag2B10H10 and Ag2B12H12) that are semiconductors with a bandgap at 2.3?eV in the green visible light spectrum. The silver boranes have extremely high ion conductivity and dynamic-anion facilitated Ag(+) migration is suggested based on the structural model. The ion conductivity is enhanced more than two orders of magnitude at room temperature (up to 3.2?mS?cm(-1)) by substitution with AgI to form new compounds. Furthermore, the closo-boranes show extremely fast silver nano-filament growth when excited by electrons during transmission electron microscope investigations. Ag nano-filaments can also be reabsorbed back into Ag2B12H12. These interesting properties demonstrate the multifunctionality of silver closo-boranes and open up avenues in a wide range of fields including photocatalysis, solid state ionics and nano-wire production

Multidisciplinary teams, and parents, negotiating common ground in shared-care of children with long-term conditions: A mixed methods study

Background: Limited negotiation around care decisions is believed to undermine collaborative working between parents of children with long-term conditions and professionals, but there is little evidence of how they actually negotiate their respective roles. Using chronic kidney disease as an exemplar this paper reports on a multi-method study of social interaction between multidisciplinary teams and parents as they shared clinical care. Methods. Phases 1 and 2: a telephone survey mapping multidisciplinary teams' parent-educative activities, and qualitative interviews with 112 professionals (Clinical-psychologists, Dietitians, Doctors, Nurses, Play-specialists, Pharmacists, Therapists and Social-workers) exploring their accounts of parent-teaching in the 12 British children's kidney units. Phase 3: six ethnographic case studies in two units involving observations of professional/parent interactions during shared-care, and individual interviews. We used an analytical framework based on concepts drawn from Communities of Practice and Activity Theory. Results: Professionals spoke of the challenge of explaining to each other how they are aware of parents' understanding of clinical knowledge, and described three patterns of parent-educative activity that were common across MDTs: Engaging parents in shared practice; Knowledge exchange and role negotiation, and Promoting common ground. Over time, professionals had developed a shared repertoire of tools to support their negotiations with parents that helped them accomplish common ground during the practice of shared-care. We observed mutual engagement between professionals and parents where a common understanding of the joint enterprise of clinical caring was negotiated. Conclusions: For professionals, making implicit knowledge explicit is important as it can provide them with a language through which to articulate more clearly to each other what is the basis of their intuition-based hunches about parents' support needs, and may help them to negotiate with parents and accelerate parents' learning about shared caring. Our methodology and results are potentially transferrable to shared management of other conditions. © 2013 Swallow et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd