'The time of the leaflet': pamphlets and political communication in the UPA (Northern Angola, around 1961)

In March 1961, war broke out in Northern Angola. The Portuguese authorities attributed the violence to the UPA - a nationalist movement led by Northern Angolan immigrants resident in Congo. The movement's leadership tried to keep in contact with its (potential) followers in Northern Angola by various means, pamphlets being one of the most important. Written for a local audience, these pamphlets provide an insight into the inner lines of communication - and internal hierarchies - of the nationalist movement. By using Darnton's communication circuit' model, this article investigates the processes of writing, distributing and reading the pamphlets and analyses their generic characteristics, and their position in a tradition of regional popular literacy. In so doing, an interpretation is offered of the social history of the pamphlets: they are treated as a historical subject in their own right. While they can be read as anti-colonial tracts, it is shown that the pamphlets' main concern is to establish the mandate of a leadership in exile over a constituency in Northern Angola. RESUME En mars 1961, la guerre eclata dans le Nord de l'Angola. Les autorites portugaises attribuerent les violences a l'UPA, un mouvement nationaliste dirige par des immigres du Nord de l'Angola residant au Congo. Desireux de rester en contact avec leurs sympathisants (potentiels) dans le Nord de l'Angola, les dirigeants du mouvement utiliserent divers moyens pour ce faire, le plus important etant le pamphlet. Rediges a l'intention d'un public local, ces pamphlets apportent un eclairage sur les voies de communication (et les hierarchies) existant a l'interieur du mouvement nationaliste. En utilisant le modele du > de Darnton, cet article examine les processus de redaction, de distribution et de lecture des pamphlets, et analyse leurs caracteristiques generiques et leur place dans une tradition de litterature populaire regionale. Ce faisant, il offre une interpretation de l'histoire sociale des pamphlets : ils sont traites comme un objet historique en eux-memes. On peut certes les lire comme des tracts anti-coloniaux, mais l'article montre que la principale preoccupation des pamphlets est d'etablir le mandat de dirigeants en exil sur un groupe situe dans le Nord de l'Angola

Effect of batch initial velocity on the glass furnace efficiency

Glass manufacturing is a heat intensive process. There is a direct coloration between the batch distribution techniques and the furnace energy consumption, productivity, and quality of the glass manufactured. All four major segments (float, container, fibre, and specialty glasses) would benefit from using an optimised batch distribution technique where possible. Oscillating batch chargers (OBC) have been in use since the early 70s, despite their superior batch shape, coverage, and in turn positive effects on the energy consumption (Soleimanian, TMS 2013) and productivity of the furnace they are almost exclusively used in container glass manufacturing. The OBC’s main difference compared with other charging methods is its ability to directly influence the batch initial velocity. This paper reports on results achieved in two CFD models (in Flow 3D and GFM) used to study effect of the machine on the overall energy consumption in the doghouse and the melt space

Japanese manufacturing: strategy and practice

A striking characteristic of Japanese factories is the extent of process control: from both the technical and the social viewpoint the labour and production system is controlled down to the very last detail. The characteristics of management and organization which underlie this are closely interwoven with Japanese culture. This explains why the work content, working conditions and working relationships in the factories look so different from those in western cultures. The paper shows why factories in the West cannot and should not copy Japanese factories

Secure Method Invocation in JASON

We describe the Secure Method Invocation (SMI) framework implemented for Jason, our Javacard As Secure Objects Networks platform. Jason realises the secure object store paradigm, that reconciles the card-as-storage-element and card-as-processing-element views. In this paradigm, smart cards are viewed as secure containers for objects, whose methods can be called straightforwardly and securely using SMI. Jason is currently being developed as a middleware layer that securely interconnects an arbitrary number of smart cards, terminals and back-office systems over the Internet

Home-grown CASE tools with XML and XSLT

This paper demonstrates an approach to software generation where xml representations of models are transformed to implementations by XSLT style sheets. Although XSLT was not primarily intended for this use, it serves quite well. There are only few problems in this approach, and we identify these based on our examples

Strategic Policy Issues for Agricultural Research in Canada

Agricultural research has been a very important factor in enhancing the productivity and competitiveness of the Canadian agri-food sector. Science and innovation have been identified as together forming one of the five pillars in the Canadian Agri-food Policy Framework (APF). A major focus of the science and innovation section of the APF is to plan to realign public and private research efforts into a more comprehensive strategic approach for research and innovation in Canada. Despite the importance of research and the need for a strategic approach, however, assessment of critical strategic research policy issues for the Canadian agri-food sector has been limited.Agricultural and Food Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Bulk contribution to magnetotransport properties of low defect-density Bi2_2Te3_3 topological insulator thin films

An important challenge in the field of topological materials is to carefully disentangle the electronic transport contribution of the topological surface states from that of the bulk. For Bi$_2$Te$_3$ topological insulator samples, bulk single crystals and thin films exposed to air during fabrication processes are known to be bulk conducting, with the chemical potential in the bulk conduction band. For Bi$_2$Te$_3$ thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy, we combine structural characterization (transmission electron microscopy), chemical surface analysis as function of time (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and magnetotransport analysis to understand the low defect density and record high bulk electron mobility once charge is doped into the bulk by surface degradation. Carrier densities and electronic mobilities extracted from the Hall effect and the quantum oscillations are consistent and reveal a large bulk carrier mobility. Because of the cylindrical shape of the bulk Fermi surface, the angle dependence of the bulk magnetoresistance oscillations is two-dimensional in nature.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure