Method-specific Certification of Free Sugars and Starch/Glucose in Two Artificial Food Materials - BCR-644, BCR-645.

Abstract not availableJRC.D-Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (Geel

Integrated Proteomic and Transcriptomic Investigation of the Acetaminophen Toxicity in Liver Microfluidic Biochip

Microfluidic bioartificial organs allow the reproduction of in vivo-like properties such as cell culture in a 3D dynamical micro environment. In this work, we established a method and a protocol for performing a toxicogenomic analysis of HepG2/C3A cultivated in a microfluidic biochip. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have shown the induction of the NRF2 pathway and the related drug metabolism pathways when the HepG2/C3A cells were cultivated in the biochip. The induction of those pathways in the biochip enhanced the metabolism of the N-acetyl-p-aminophenol drug (acetaminophen-APAP) when compared to Petri cultures. Thus, we observed 50% growth inhibition of cell proliferation at 1 mM in the biochip, which appeared similar to human plasmatic toxic concentrations reported at 2 mM. The metabolic signature of APAP toxicity in the biochip showed similar biomarkers as those reported in vivo, such as the calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism and reorganization of the cytoskeleton, at the transcriptome and proteome levels (which was not the case in Petri dishes). These results demonstrate a specific molecular signature for acetaminophen at transcriptomic and proteomic levels closed to situations found in vivo. Interestingly, a common component of the signature of the APAP molecule was identified in Petri and biochip cultures via the perturbations of the DNA replication and cell cycle. These findings provide an important insight into the use of microfluidic biochips as new tools in biomarker research in pharmaceutical drug studies and predictive toxicity investigations

Modelling of Short-Term Interactions Between Concrete Support and the Excavated Damage Zone Around Galleries Drilled in Callovo–Oxfordian Claystone

peer reviewedProduction of energy from nuclear power plants generates high-level radioactive nuclear waste, harmful during dozens of thousand years. Deep geological disposal of nuclear waste represents the most reliable solutions for its safe isolation. Confinement of radioactive wastes relies on the multi-barrier concept in which isolation is provided by a series of engineered (canister, backfill) and natural (host rock) barriers. Few underground research laboratories have been built all over the world to test and validate storage solutions. The underground drilling process of disposal drifts may generate cracks, fractures/strain localisation in shear bands within the rock surrounding the gallery especially in argillaceous rocks. These degradations affect the hydro-mechanical properties of the material, such as permeability, e.g. creating a preferential flow path for radionuclide migration. Hydraulic conductivity increase within this zone must remain limited to preserve the natural barrier. In addition galleries are currently reinforced by different types of concrete supports such as shotcrete and/or prefab elements. Their purpose is twofold: avoiding partial collapse of the tunnel during drilling operations and limiting convergence of the surrounding rock. Properties of both concrete and rock mass are time dependent, due to shotcrete hydration and hydromechanical couplings within the host rock. By the use of a hydro-mechanical coupled Finite Element Code with a Second Gradient regularization, this paper aims at investigating and predicting support and rock interactions (convergence, stress field). The effect of shotcrete hydration evolution, spraying time and use of compressible wedges is studied in order to determine their relative influence

De la bibliométrie à la scientométrie : ce que les sciences sociales peuvent nous dire du développement scientifique en matière d'évaluation de la qualité de l'eau

La partie SHS du travail réalisé pour le projet TOX-INDIC a mobilisé plusieurs personnes au sein du Cemagref, deux chercheurs mais également le service IST de Montpellier. Le présent rapport a pour vocation de présenter les premiers résultats de notre travail commun. Nous espérons pouvoir approfondir nos recherches l'année prochaine, en produisant de nouveaux indicateurs à l'aide de l'analyse textuelle et de la cartographie des réseaux (logiciels Sphinx Lexica et Pajek ou équivalents). L'intérêt pour nous est de poursuivre nos investigations sur les pratiques scientifiques en matière de bioindication et d'écotoxicologie, de manière à caractériser les communautés de chercheurs travaillant dans ces domaines et à suivre la circulation des concepts clés y étant couramment utilisés

MAC protection of the OpenNebula Cloud environment

International audienceMandatory Access Control is really poorly supported by Cloud environments. Our paper proposes extensions of the OpenNebula Cloud in order to provide an advanced MAC protection of the virtual machines hosted by the different nodes of the Cloud. Thus, unique SELinx security labels are associated with the virtual machines and their ressources. The instanciations and migrations of the virtual machines maintain those unique security labels. Moreover, PIGA-Virt provides a unified way to control the information flows within a virtual machine but also between multiple virtual machines. SELinux controls the direct flows. PIGA-Virt adds advanced controls. Thus, a PIGA protection rule can control several direct and indirect flows. The benchmarks of PIGA-Virt show that our Trusted OpenNebula Cloud is efficient regarding the quality of the protection

PIGA-Cloud : une protection obligatoire des environnements d'informatique en nuage

National audienceLa garantie de s'ecurit'e n'ecessite la mise en place d'un contrˆole d'acc'es obligatoire (Mandatory Access Control). Cependant, les environnements d'informatique en nuage (Cloud), qui g'erent des images virtuelles, supportent tr'es mal ces m'ecanismes de protection. PIGA-Cloud offre une protection obligatoire avanc'ee pour les environnements afin de garantir une protection en profondeur et tout au long de la vie des images. Ainsi, nous contrˆolons efficacement les flux d'information entre une image et l'hˆote, 'a l'int'erieur d'une image mais aussi entre les images. Nous r'eutilisons ainsi les contextes de s'ecurit'e et les politiques existantes, comme par exemple ceux fournis par SELinux. Cependant, PIGA-Cloud simplifie l'administration des politiques et permet de de garantir un large ensemble de propri'et'es de confidentialit'e et d'int'egrit'e. L'approche propos'ee est compl'etement extensible. Elle s'applique 'a tous les syst'emes et permet de r'eutiliser efficacement les politiques obligatoires existantes. Nous proposons ainsi une int'egration 'a l'environnement de Cloud libre OpenNebula. Les performances de l'approche sont encourageantes et le surcoˆ ut des protections est faible au regard du niveau de protection offert

Financial Sector Development in Sub-Saharan African Countries

This study takes stock of progress made so far in the financial sectors of sub-saharan African countries. It recommends further reforms and specific measures in the areas of supervision, development of monetary operations and financial markets, external sector liberalization, central bank autonomy and accountability, payments system, and central bank accounting and auditing.

Mapping of hailstorm and strong wind damaged crop areas using LAI estimated from multispectral imagery

Hailstorms and strong winds represent a threat to crops, causing defoliation, lodging and in turn yield losses. Crop damages are nowadays assessed by field inspectors, which implies time demanding assessment and difficulties in deriving estimates over large areas. Hailstones and strong wind damage plants through stem breaking, defoliation and lodging, thus leaf area index (LAI) can be a viable tool to detect and quantify the damage level. Here, hailstorm and strong wind damage was artificially caused in a maize field and compared with NDVI-derived LAI from proximal and remote sensing techniques. Estimated LAI was obtained by a NDVI-derived fractional vegetation cover and calibrated light extinction coefficient. Results showed that estimated LAI from remote sensing was able to identify crop damage, with a clear differentiation between leaf damage levels immediately after the event. Following surveys showed a strong recovering capability of maize leading LAI values of damaged treatments to align to those of the control after about 20 days. Remote sensing techniques, coupled with ground measurements, can become a reference tool to assess site-specific hailstorm and strong wind damage over large areas