Coastal Resource Management in the Wider Caribbean: Resilience, Adaptation, and Community Diversity

The Caribbean Sea is the second largest sea in the world, including more than 30 insular and continental countries with an approximate population of 35 million. In addition to its highly fractionalized territory, it is characterized by a great linguistic and cultural diversity, a phenomenon enhanced by increasing internal migrations and the expansion of tourism. The implementation of coastal management programs, often embedded in top-down approaches, is therefore faced with a series of ecological and social constraints, explaining why they have had only limited success. This book presents an alternative look at existing coastal management initiatives in the North America (Caribbean); focusing on the need to pay more attention to the local community. Emphasizing the great heterogeneity of Caribbean communities, the book shows how the diversity of ecosystems and cultures has generated a significant resilience and capacity to adapt, in which the notion of community itself has to be re-examined. The concluding chapter presents lessons learned and a series of practical recommendations for decision-makers

Morphologie sociale et mariage à Saint Paul River

Morphologie sociale et mariage à Saint Paul Rive

Liens entre pêche industrielle et pêche artisanale. Changements et conséquences pour la recherche

Liens entre pêche industrielle et pèche artisanale Changements et conséquences pour la rechercheCet article discute des enjeux analytiques et méthodologiques de la réinsertion de la pêche artisanale dans les priorités des agences de développement international. Il souligne comment le recours accentué à l'interdisciplinarité, justifié par une plus grande mixité des procès de travail et des contextes sociaux et culturels plus diversifiés dans cette activité, demeure enchâssé dans des biais idéologiques et des pratiques institutionnelles découlant de l'asymétrie entre sciences bio-économiques et sciences sociales. Il suggère en conclusion des questions de recherche dont la résolution est susceptible d'accroître la contribution de l'anthropologie maritime sur la scène du développement halieutique.Relationships hetween Industrial and Artisanal Fishinx Changes and Conséquences for ResearchThis article aims at pinpointing the analytical and methodological issues linked to the reinsertion of artisanal fishing among the priorities of international development agencies. It shows how aseemingly greater interest in interdisciplinarity.justified by astrongerdiversity in the labor processes and of social-cultural contexts in this activity, remains embedded into ideological bias and institutional practices linked to the existing asymetry prevailing between bio-economic and social sciences. It suggests. in conclusion, some research avenues the resolution of which aiming can increase the contribution of maritime anthropology in fisheries development

Protective Action of Resveratrol in Human Skin: Possible Involvement of Specific Receptor Binding Sites

Background: Resveratrol is a plant-derived polyphenol with purported protecting action on various disorders associated with aging. It has been suggested that resveratrol could exert its protective action by acting on specific plasma membrane polyphenol binding sites (Han Y.S., et al. (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318:238–245). The purpose of this study was to investigate, in human skin, the possible existence of specific binding sites that mediate the protective action of resveratrol. Methods and Findings: Using human skin tissue, we report here the presence of specific [ 3 H]-resveratrol binding sites (KD = 180 nM) that are mainly located in the epidermis. Exposure of HaCaT cells to the nitric oxide free radical donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 0.3–3 mM) resulted in cell death which was reduced by resveratrol (EC50 = 14.7 mM), and to a much lesser extent by the resveratrol analogue piceatannol (EC 50 =95 mM) and epigallocatechin gallate (EC 50 =200 mM), a green-tea derived polyphenol. The protective action of resveratrol likely relates to its anti-apoptotic effect since at the same range of concentration it was able to reduce both the number of apoptotic cells as well as mitochondrial apoptotic events triggered by SNP. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that resveratrol, by acting on specific polyphenol binding sites i

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery