337 research outputs found
Regional Path-Dependence in Start-up Activity
This paper studies the impact of an existing industrial structure in a region on the number of start-ups in this region. The aim is to detect path-dependencies in the regional industry structure. To this end we study empirically the regional factors that influence start-up rates. The approach deviates from the huge literature on start-up rates by studying each 2-digit industry separately, including the employment in other industries into the analysis and distinguishing between factors that provide founders and factors that influence their likelihood to start a firm.industrial dynamics, regional industry structure, start-ups, entrepreneurship, path-dependence
Network-Induced Oscillatory Behavior in Material Flow Networks
Network theory is rapidly changing our understanding of complex systems, but
the relevance of topological features for the dynamic behavior of metabolic
networks, food webs, production systems, information networks, or cascade
failures of power grids remains to be explored. Based on a simple model of
supply networks, we offer an interpretation of instabilities and oscillations
observed in biological, ecological, economic, and engineering systems. We find
that most supply networks display damped oscillations, even when their units -
and linear chains of these units - behave in a non-oscillatory way. Moreover,
networks of damped oscillators tend to produce growing oscillations. This
surprising behavior offers, for example, a new interpretation of business
cycles and of oscillating or pulsating processes. The network structure of
material flows itself turns out to be a source of instability, and cyclical
variations are an inherent feature of decentralized adjustments.Comment: For related work see http://www.helbing.or
Parameter curves for the regular representations of tame bimodules
We present results and examples which show that the consideration of a
certain tubular mutation is advantageous in the study of noncommutative curves
which parametrize the simple regular representations of a tame bimodule. We
classify all tame bimodules where such a curve is actually commutative, or in
different words, where the unique generic module has a commutative endomorphism
ring. This extends results from [14] to arbitrary characteristic; in
characteristic two additionally inseparable cases occur. Further results are
concerned with autoequivalences fixing all objects but not isomorphic to the
identity functor.Comment: 13 pages, to appear in J. Algebra. Typos correcte
Laser Beam Welding of Hard to Weld Al Alloys for a Regional Aircraft Fuselage Design – First Results
AbstractLight weight design of fuselage structures is a major goal for future aircrafts to reduce structural weight for increased efficiency regarding fuel consumption. One objective is to validate and demonstrate the technology that offer the best opportunities of weight reduction and short production time. It involves the development of laser welding technologies for difficult weldable high strength aluminum alloys, containing Cu and / or Li. Another objective is to identify and evaluate approaches for first welding trials on T-joints of the alloy 2139 which are very promising regarding weld seam quality and achieved mechanical properties
A FAsT contribution: Adipocytes rewire their metabolism to acquire immune functions.
peer reviewedAdipose tissue has been linked to inflammation and various physiological processes. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Caputa et al. describe that perinodal adipocytes adapt their metabolism to actively participate in an immune response against intracellular Listeria monocytogenes
Metabolism and epigenetics at the heart of T cell function.
peer reviewedT cell subsets adapt and rewire their metabolism according to their functions and surrounding microenvironment. Whereas naive T cells rely on mitochondrial metabolic pathways characterized by low nutrient requirements, effector T cells induce kinetically faster pathways to generate the biomass and energy needed for proliferation and cytokine production. Recent findings support the concept that alterations in metabolism also affect the epigenetics of T cells. In this review we discuss the connections between T cell metabolism and epigenetic changes such as histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and DNA methylation, as well as the 'extra-metabolic' roles of metabolic enzymes and molecules. These findings collectively point to a new group of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of T cell-dependent autoimmune diseases and cancers
Integrating metalloporphycenes into p-type NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells
In the current work, we have explored a novel synthetic route towards metalated porphycenes and their use in p-type NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence that the relative positioning of the anchoring group exerts on the DSSC performance
Metabolic Modulation of Immunity: A New Concept in Cancer Immunotherapy.
peer reviewedImmunotherapy shifted the paradigm of cancer treatment. The clinical approval of immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer led to considerable success in several tumor types. However, for a significant number of patients, these therapies have proven ineffective. Growing evidence shows that the metabolic requirements of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) greatly influence the success of immunotherapy. It is well established that the TME influences energy consumption and metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, often inducing them to become tolerogenic and inefficient in cancer cell eradication. Increasing nutrient availability using pharmacological modulators of metabolism or antibodies targeting specific immune receptors are strategies that support energetic rewiring of immune cells and boost their anti-tumor capacity. In this review, we describe the metabolic features of the diverse immune cell types in the context of the TME and discuss how these immunomodulatory strategies could synergize with immunotherapy to circumvent its current limitations
The emerging role of one-carbon metabolism in T cells.
peer reviewedOne-carbon metabolism (1CM) supports multiple biological functions, providing 1C units for nucleotide synthesis, epigenetic maintenance, and redox regulation. Although much has been deciphered about the relationship between disruption of 1CM and various diseases, our understanding of 1CM's involvement in the regulation of the immune system is only now evolving. In this review, we summarize key checkpoints of 1CM pathways that govern cellular activities. We also report on recent findings regarding the role of 1CM in T cells and discuss several promising avenues requiring future investigation
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