Bridging the Gap: International Organizations as Organizations

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/51108/1/340.pd

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of WAIS-IV in a Clinical Sample: Examining a Bi-Factor Model

There have been a number of studies that have examined the factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV (WAIS-IV) using the standardization sample. In this study, we investigate its factor structure on a clinical neuropsychology sample of mixed aetiology. Correlated factor, higher-order and bi-factor models are all tested. Overall, the results suggest that the WAIS-IV will be suitable for use with this population

Social identity and environmental concern: the importance of contextual effects

This study draws on social identity theory to explain differences in individual support for environmental protection, a conative component of environmental concern. It argues that an individual’s identification with higher social units—community, nation, and world—strengthens its in-group solidarity and empathy and, in consequence, its readiness to protect the environment benefitting the in-group’s welfare. The study hypothesizes that country-level manifestations of social identity (1) lift individuals’ support for environmental protection above the level that their own social identity suggests (elevator effect), and (2) reinforce the effect of individuals’ social identity on their support for environmental protection (amplifier effect). Using a sample of over 30,000 individuals located in 38 countries around the world, the study finds strong evidence for the two contextual effects. The findings indicate that social identity plays an important role not just as an individual attribute but also as a central component of culture in fostering environmental concern

Site-Specific Metal Chelation Facilitates the Unveiling of Hidden Coordination Sites in an Fe II/Fe III -Seamed Pyrogallol[4]arene Nanocapsule

Under suitable conditions, C-alkylpyrogallol­[4]­arenes (PgCs) arrange into spherical metal–organic nanocapsules (MONCs) upon coordination to appropriate metal ions. Herein we present the synthesis and structural characterization of a novel FeII/FeIII-seamed MONC, as well as studies related to its electrochemical and magnetic behaviors. Unlike other MONCs that are assembled through 24 metal ions, this nanocapsule comprises 32 Fe ions, uncovering 8 additional coordination sites situated between the constituent PgC subunits. The FeII ions are likely formed by the reducing ability of DMF used in the synthesis, representing a novel synthetic route toward polynuclear mixed-valence MONCs

Human Rights in the Context of Environmental Conservation on the US-Mexico Border

At Cabeza Priesta National Wildlife Refuge, a wilderness area on the US-Mexico border in Arizona, conflicting policies permit the provision of supplementary water for wildlife but not for undocumented immigrants passing through the area. Federal refuge environmental policy prioritizes active management of endangered and threatened species. Vast systems of water resources have been developed to support wildlife conservation in this extremely hot and dry environment. At the same time, humanitarian groups are not allowed to supply water to undocumented border crossers in the park. Human border-crossers must utilize non-potable wildlife water guzzlers for survival and face risk of illness or death by dehydration. This article analyzes human rights via an ethnographic lens. From this perspective, water policy at the wildlife refuge brings into question the value of human life in a border conservation context, especially for those entering the site illegally

International organizations and trees for people: A sociological analysis of the World Bank, FAO, CARE International, and their work and performance in community forestry.

A comparative case study approach is used to investigate the behavior and performance of three international organizations and their work in community forestry. It is argued that organizational carriers themselves have important effects on the nature and quality of community forestry programs. Consequently, better understanding the strengths and weaknesses of organizations may lead to the development of more effective programs. Data on traditional and community forestry projects were collected for the years ending fiscal year 1986 from the World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and CARE International to determine their speed of movement into, commitment towards, program appropriateness of, and performance in community forestry. It was hypothesized that these dependent variables would be influenced by the differing character, technology, structure, and environments of the three organizations. Primary and secondary data sources were utilized. Published and unpublished office records, documents, and archival materials were augmented by published literature on the organizations and community forestry. Over sixty in-depth interviews were held with organizational officials and independent observers. The World Bank's and FAO's commitment to community forestry was low and moderate respectively, the opposite expected, while CARE International's was high. The appropriateness of the Bank's community forestry program was lower then expected with about 57% of its loans allocated to only one country, India. FAO and CARE were moderate and high respectively as expected. With important exceptions for each organization, the performance of World Bank tended to be much lower than expected, FAO more variable, and CARE high. The study's results are used to support and expand a number of organizational theories and concepts including, Contingency Theory, Thompson's Technology Types, Resource Dependency Theory, Technical and Institutional Environments, and Organizational Networks. A number of policy implications and future research topics are presented. In particular, program performance can be increased when organizations with complementary strengths work more closely together. The research contributes to the literature of three fields of study: Organizational sociology, international organizations, and natural resource and environmental management in developing countries. The study starts to bridge the theoretical and empirical gap that exists between the study of international organizations and organizational sociology.Ph.D.Biological SciencesForestryPublic policySocial SciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/128306/2/8920504.pd