Levantamento De Raças Do Agente Causador Do Míldio Da Alface No Estado De São Paulo Em 2012 E 2013

Lettuce is, among leafy vegetables, the most economically important one to Brazil. In the winter, at low temperatures and under leaf wetness, downy mildew of lettuce, a disease caused by the etiologic agent Bremia lactucae, occurs in almost all regions where this vegetable is grown and is considered one of the most severe foliar diseases for the culture. The aim of this study was to identify the races of B. lactucae in 2012 and 2013 that occurred in the main producing regions of São Paulo State, such as: Ribeirão Preto, Jaboticabal, Pirangi, Catanduva, São José do Rio Preto, Atibaia, Salesópolis, Biritiba Mirim, Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas, Itapira, Mogi Mirim, Cândido Mota, Presidente Prudente, Echaporã, Assis, Marilia, Botucatu and Bauru. During the months of July/August 2012 and 2013, we collected samples of lettuce leaves showing symptoms of downy mildew, and in each collected sample the pathogen structures referred to an isolate. The sporangia were multiplied on the susceptible cultivar Solaris, with subsequent inoculation in differential cultivars, performing evaluations on the 12th day from the appearance of the first sporulation in the susceptible cultivar ‘Green Tower’ (Dm-0), according to the code “Sextet”. In 2012, two new codes were determined, identifying two new races, SPBl:10 (63/31/02/00) and SPBl:11 (63/63/18/00). In 2013, a new codification was determined (63/31/18/00), to which the name SPBl:12 was proposed. The genes Dm-14 and Dm-15 and the resistance factors FR-17, FR-18, FR-36, FR-37 and FR-38 confer resistance to these new races that were identified. It is recommended, therefore, in breeding programs of lettuce, the use of factors FR-17, FR-18 and FR-38 as sources of resistance for new cultivars developed in the state of São Paulo, because they confer resistance to all 12 already identified races. © 2016, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). All Rights Reserved.421535

Divergência genética entre cinco genótipos de melão rendilhado Genetic divergence among five muskmelon cultivars

Estimou-se a divergência genética entre cinco genótipos de melão rendilhado (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus Naud.) (JAB-20, JAB-21, JAB-22, JAB-23 e 'Bônus nº 2') e determinou-se qual a contribuição relativa das 16 características avaliadas [nº médio de flores masculinas, hermafroditas/planta; produção total de frutos/m², peso médio dos frutos comerciáveis; diâmetro médio transversal e longitudinal do fruto (DMTF e DMLF); diâmetro médio transversal da inserção do pedúculo (DMTP); espessura média do mesocarpo e epicarpo (EMM e EME); diâmetro médio longitudinal e transversal do lóculo (DMTL e DMLL); proporção da cavidade (PC); desprendimento de sementes (DS); teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), pH e acidez titulável (AT)] na divergência gen��tica. Obtiveram-se dois grupos de similaridade: I- JAB-20, JAB-21 e 'Bônus nº2' e II- JAB-22 e JAB-23. As características DMLF, DMTP, DMLL, DS e SST foram as que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética entre os genótipos.<br>The genetic divergence of five cultivars of muskmelon was estimated (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus Naud) (JAB-20, JAB-21, JAB-22, JAB-23 and 'Bônus nº2') and the relative contribution of each 16 characteristics were determined (number of male flowers per plant; total production of fruit, weight of fruits; longitudinal and transversal diameters of fruits; thickness and color of flesh and skin; longitudinal and transversal loculos diameter of fruits; seed loosing; netting thickness; and % total solvers solids, pH and total acidity) in genetic divergence. Two groups of similarity were formed between the genitors by the values of D², one of then was constituted of the JAB-20 and JAB-21 and 'Bônus nº 2' genotypes, and another of the JAB-22 and JAB-23. The characteristics of longitudinal loculos diameters, longitudinal diameter of fruits, transversal diameter of peduncle insertion, % total solvers solids and seed loosing contributed to for genetic divergence between the progenitors

Características agronômicas, produtividade, qualidade de vagens e divergência genética em feijão-vagem de crescimento indeterminado Agronomic characteristics, yield, pod quality and genetic divergence in pole beans

Avaliou-se a divergência genética entre quinze linhagens (Hav 13, Hav 14, Hav 21, Hav 22, Hav 25, Hav 38, Hav 40, Hav 41, Hav 49, Hav 53, Hav 56, Hav 64, Hav 65, Hav 67 e Hav 68) e cinco cultivares (Macarrão Favorito AG480, Macarrão Preferido AG482, Manteiga Maravilha AG481, Teresópolis AG484 e Macarrão Bragança) de feijão-vagem de crescimento indeterminado, utilizando-se vinte características agronômicas. O ensaio foi conduzido na AGENCIARURAL - EE de Anápolis, no período de 30/04 a 10/08/1998. Os dados foram submetidos às análises de variância e multivariada (distância D² de Mahalanobis e o método de agrupamento de Tocher). Houve diferenças significativas entre os genótipos para as características consideradas. Os genótipos Hav 13, Hav 49, Hav 56, Hav 64, Hav 68, Favorito AG480 e Teresópolis AG484 destacaram-se com relação ao conjunto de características favoráveis a produtores e consumidores. Houve maior freqüência de pares com maiores distâncias, quando um dos componentes era a cultivar Teresópolis AG484 ou Hav 49, e de pares com menores distâncias quando seus componentes tiveram como ancestral comum a linhagem Hab 229. Os genótipos distribuíram-se em quatro grupos, sendo um constituído exclusivamente pela linhagem Hav 49, outro englobando as cultivares Manteiga Maravilha AG481 e Teresópolis AG484. A linhagem Hav 41 e as cultivares Macarrão Favorito AG480 e Macarrão Preferido AG482 um terceiro grupo, e os demais genótipos um único grupo. As características que mais contribuíram para a divergência entre os genótipos foram o número de dias para o início de floração e o comprimento das vagens, com 58,11% do total, seguidas da porcentagem de palha na vagem seca, da largura das vagens, das alturas das plantas nas duas épocas avaliadas, do peso médio de vagem e do número de vagens por planta que, em conjunto, contribuíram com 85,73% do total.<br>Genetic divergence among fifteen breeding lines (Hav 13, Hav 14, Hav 21, Hav 22, Hav 25, Hav 38, Hav 40, Hav 41, Hav 49, Hav 53, Hav 56, Hav 64, Hav 65, Hav 67 and Hav 68) and five cultivars (Macarrão Favorito AG480, Macarrão Preferido AG482, Manteiga Maravilha AG481, Teresopolis AG484 and Macarrão Bragança) of pole beans was evaluated by 20 agronomic characteristics. The field trial was carried out at Anapolis Experiment Station, State of Goias (Brazil), from April 30 to August 10, 1998. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and to the multivariate analysis (D² distance of Mahalanobis and grouping method of Tocher). There were statistical differences among genotypes for all studied characteristics. Hav 13, Hav 49, Hav 56, Hav 64, Hav 68, Macarrão Favorito AG480 and Teresopolis AG484 ranked best when the whole characteristics suitable to growers and consumers were considered. There were higher frequency of pairs with the highest distances, when Teresopolis AG484 or the breeding line Hav 49 were a member. The pairs with the lowest distance were those ones with the breeding line Hab 229 as common ancestor. The genotypes were classified into four groups, one with the inbred line Hav 49, a second with Manteiga Maravilha AG481 and Teresopolis AG 484. The inbred line Hav 41 and the cultivars Macarrão Favorito AG480 and Macarrão Preferido AG482 formed a third group. The remaining genotypes formed a single group. The characteristic time from sowing to beginning of blooming and pod length, with 58.11% of the contribution, followed by percentage of straw in the dry pod, pod width, plant height, pod weight and number of pod per plant. These characteristics were the most effective to genotypes divergence, reaching 85.73% of the total contribution

Períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura de cebola (Allium cepa) transplantada Periods of weed interference with transplanted onion crop (Allium cepa)

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos de períodos de convivência (0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 e 98 dias após o transplantio) de uma comunidade de plantas daninhas sobre a produtividade de quatro cultivares de cebola (Mercedes, Granex 33, Superex e Serrana), em sistema de transplantio de mudas. O experimento foi instalado em Jaboticabal-SP, de abril a outubro de 2000, utilizando delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4 x 8. As principais populações de plantas daninhas no final dos períodos de convivência foram de Coronopus didymus, Amaranthus hybridus e Cyperus rotundus. Os cultivares Mercedes (2,90 kgm-2) e Granex 33 (2,64 kgm-2) foram os mais produtivos, independentemente da interferência das plantas daninhas. A convivência com as plantas daninhas durante os primeiros 98 dias reduziu a produtividade da cebola em 95% e o peso médio de bulbos em 91%. O período anterior à interferência (PAI) foi de 42 dias, não havendo diferença entre os cultivares de cebola.<br>This research was carried out to evaluate the effects of weed coexistence periods (0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 and 98 days after transplanting) on the productivity of four onion cultivars (Mercedez, Granex 33, Superex and Serrana). The experiment was installed in Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil, from April to October 2000, arranged in a randomized complete block design, with four replications, in a factorial design 4 x 8. The main weed populations at the end of the coexistence periods were Coronopus didymus, Amaranthus hybridus and Cyperus rotundus. The cultivars Mercedez (2.90 kg m-2) and Granex-33 (2.64 kg m-2) were the most productive, under the conditions of weed interference.Weed interference during the first 98 days reduced production weight around 95% and the average weight of bulbs was reduced by 91%. For all the cultivars, weed coexistence the during the first 42 days after transplanting did not reduce the total bulbal weight or the average weight by bulb, being defined as the period before interference (PBI). There was no difference in the PBI extension of the onion cultivars studied