Platelets Alter Gene Expression Profile in Human Brain Endothelial Cells in an In Vitro Model of Cerebral Malaria

Platelet adhesion to the brain microvasculature has been associated with cerebral malaria (CM) in humans, suggesting that platelets play a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. In vitro co-cultures have shown that platelets can act as a bridge between Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (pRBC) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBEC) and potentiate HBEC apoptosis. Using cDNA microarray technology, we analyzed transcriptional changes of HBEC in response to platelets in the presence or the absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and pRBC, which have been reported to alter gene expression in endothelial cells. Using a rigorous statistical approach with multiple test corrections, we showed a significant effect of platelets on gene expression in HBEC. We also detected a strong effect of TNF, whereas there was no transcriptional change induced specifically by pRBC. Nevertheless, a global ANOVA and a two-way ANOVA suggested that pRBC acted in interaction with platelets and TNF to alter gene expression in HBEC. The expression of selected genes was validated by RT-qPCR. The analysis of gene functional annotation indicated that platelets induce the expression of genes involved in inflammation and apoptosis, such as genes involved in chemokine-, TREM1-, cytokine-, IL10-, TGFβ-, death-receptor-, and apoptosis-signaling. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that platelets play a pathogenic role in CM

S. Subrahmanyam : The Portuguese Empire in Asia 1500-1700. A Political and Economic History

Bouchon Geneviève. S. Subrahmanyam : The Portuguese Empire in Asia 1500-1700. A Political and Economic History. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 83, 1996. pp. 389-390

Joan-Pau Rubiés, Travel and Ethnology in the Renaissance. South India through European Eyes (1250-1625)

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Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500-1650.

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Tapan Raychaudhuri et Irfan Habib (éd.), The Cambridge Economic History of India

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Joan-Pau Rubiés, Travel and Ethnology in the Renaissance. South India through European Eyes (1250-1625)

Bouchon Geneviève. Joan-Pau Rubiés, Travel and Ethnology in the Renaissance. South India through European Eyes (1250-1625). In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 56ᵉ année, N. 3, 2001. p. 732

Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500-1650.

Bouchon Geneviève. Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500-1650.. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 46ᵉ année, N. 1, 1991. pp. 90-91

Études sur l'océan Indien. — [Aix-en- Provence,] Institut d'histoire des pays s.d. [v. 1972]

Bouchon Geneviève. Études sur l'océan Indien. — [Aix-en- Provence,] Institut d'histoire des pays s.d. [v. 1972]. In: Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer, tome 61, n°224, 3e trimestre 1974. p. 499

Les premiers voyages portugais à Pasai et à Pegou (1512-1520)

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