The Ets-1 transcription factor controls the development and function of natural regulatory T cells

Regulatory T cells (T reg cells) constitute a population of CD4+ T cells that limits immune responses. The transcription factor Foxp3 is important for determining the development and function of T reg cells; however, the molecular mechanisms that trigger and maintain its expression remain incompletely understood. In this study, we show that mice deficient for the Ets-1 transcription factor (Ets-1−/−) developed T cell–mediated splenomegaly and systemic autoimmunity that can be blocked by functional wild-type T reg cells. Spleens of Ets-1−/− mice contained mostly activated T cells, including Th2-polarized CD4+ cells and had reduced percentages of T reg cells. Splenic and thymic Ets-1−/− T reg cells expressed low levels of Foxp3 and displayed the CD103 marker that characterizes antigen-experienced T reg cells. Thymic development of Ets-1−/− T reg cells appeared intrinsically altered as Foxp3-expressing cells differentiate poorly in mixed fetal liver reconstituted chimera and fetal thymic organ culture. Ets-1−/− T reg cells showed decreased in vitro suppression activity and did not protect Rag2−/− hosts from naive T cell–induced inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, in T reg cells, Ets-1 interacted with the Foxp3 intronic enhancer and was required for demethylation of this regulatory sequence. These data demonstrate that Ets-1 is required for the development of natural T reg cells and suggest a role for this transcription factor in the regulation of Foxp3 expression

Structure et regulation des rearrangements des genes codant pour les chaines gamma et delta du recepteur pour l'antigene TCR#gamma##delta#

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 78620 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Introduction

International audienc

Européanisation et internationalisation du droit des musées: actes du colloque organisé le 8 juin 2015 au Petit Palais par le CEDIN, le CDPC, DCS, l'IRDP et le musée du Louvre

National audienceLes musées n'évoluent pas dans un cadre strictement national. Leurs publics sont internationaux, leurs œuvres circulent d'un état à l'autre, les relations transnationales entre musées se multiplient et le développement d'une institution ne se conçoit plus uniquement sur le sol national, comme le montre l'exemple significatif de l'ouverture prochaine du Louvre à Abu Dhabi. Ces constats ont conduit l'Université de Paris ouest Nanterre La Défense, l'Université de Nantes et le musée du Louvre à organiser au Petit Palais, le 8 juin 2015, un colloque international consacré à l'européanisation et l'internationalisation du droit des musées. aujourd'hui qu'ils évoluent dans un environnement élargi, les musées doivent apprendre à identifier et à appréhender l'ensemble des règles européennes et internationales qui leur sont applicables. Cet ouvrage est issu d'une rencontre entre deux mondes, celui des facultés de droit et celui des musées et de l'art. il présente et analyse les normes applicables à l'action européenne et internationale des musées, leur contenu, leur enjeux et leurs lacunes. il propose également des réflexions quant au devenir de ces institutions dans un contexte élargi, et développe plusieurs exemples d'actions internationales conduites par des musées. Le présent volume s'efforce d'apporter des réponses aux questionnements qu'engendrent l'adaptation des musées aux droits international et européen et la prise en compte, par ces droits, des nouveaux champs d'action de l'activité muséale (éditeur

Etude du rôle du facteur de transcription Ets-1 dans la différenciation lymphoïde T et B

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Introduction

International audienc

Introduction

International audienc

Etude de la fonction du facteur de transcription ETS-1 dans la différenciation des lymphocytes B chez la souris

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Palliative endoscopic drainage of malignant stenosis of biliary confluence: Efficiency of multiple drainage approach to drain a maximum of liver segments

International audienceBackground and aim:More than 50% of the liver should be drained in case of unresectable hilar liver stenosis; however, it remains unclear if the use of several types of drainage (endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and pancreatography, percutaneous-biliary drainage, endoscopic ultrasound biliary drainage (EUS-BD)), allowing better drainage, has an impact on survival. The aim of our study was to evaluate the percentage of liver drained and its correlation on survival whatever the drainage technique used.Patients and methods:This study was a retrospective analysis of a prospective registry of patients with malignant drainage stenosis of the hilum. The quality of drainage was evaluated based on the percentage of liver segments drained, which was calculated by dividing the number of liver segments drained by the total number of liver segments. Drainage could be achieved via an endoscopic, EUS-guided or percutaneous route not associated with the procedure.Results:Sixty patients (38 men) were included from January 2015 to July 2016. The mean patient age was 69.84 years. Stenosis was classified as type II for 17 (29%) patients, type III for 20 (34%) patients, and type IV for 22 (37%) patients. Histology revealed cholangiocarcinoma for 26 (43%) patients, metastatic disease from colorectal cancer for 15 (25%) patients and another cancer for 19 (32%) patients. The median survival time was five (2.3-12.3) months.The percentage of liver segments drained had a significant prognostic impact on overall survival regardless of the technique used to drain the liver. The percentage of liver segments drained was dichotomized based on a threshold value of 80%, resulting in two groups (<80% and ≥80%). Univariate analysis of overall survival revealed that the patients with <80% of liver segments drained had significantly worse prognoses (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.25 (1.66-6.36), p < 0.001) than the patients with ≥80% of liver segments drained. This effect was confirmed in multivariate analysis (HR = 2.46 (1.16-5.23), p = 0.02).The other factor that affected survival was invasion of <50% of the liver by the tumor.A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to establish a correlation between patients receiving chemotherapy and the percentage of liver drained (area under the curve = 0.77 (0.65-0.88)).Conclusion:The survival of patients with malignant stenosis of the biliary confluence is highly correlated with the percentage of liver segments drained, regardless of the technique used