651 research outputs found
Distribution and nature of organic/mineral bound elements in Assam coals, India
This study focuses on the determination and concentration of twelve elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd)
occurring in sub-bituminous Assam coals and their geochemical association. Distribution of these elements between organic and mineral
matters was studied. Comparison of the results of three coals has shown that three elements (Mg, Ca and Mn) are significantly organic bound,
while five elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) are significantly mineral bound; Cd is 50% bound to either organic or mineral matter. FTIR and
XRD studies reveal qualitative information about the bonding pattern and nature of components of the mineral matters. The results obtained
in this study have considerable geochemical and technological interest
Devolatilization of coals of North-Eastern India under fluidized bed conditions in oxygen-enriched air
Oxygen-enriched air can increase the combustion efficiency, boiler efficiency, and sulfur
absorption efficiency of atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) boilers which use
high-sulfur coal, and other combustion systems that use coal. Devolatilization is the first
step in the gasification or combustion of coal. In this work, devolatilization characteristics of
five run-of-mine (ROM) coals of North-Eastern India having particle-size between 4mmand
9 mm are reported. The experiments were performed under fluidized bed conditions at
1123 K in enriched air containing 30% oxygen. The devolatilization time was correlated with
the particle diameter by a power law correlation. The variation of mass with time was
correlated by an exponential correlation. It was observed that the average ratio of yield of
volatile matter to the proximate volatile matter decreased with the increase in volatilecontent
of the coals. A shrinking-core model was used to determine the role of filmdiffusion,
ash-diffusion and chemical reaction. The experimental results indicate the
likelihood of film-diffusion to be the rate-controlling mechanism in presence of oxygenenriched
air. A cost-analysis was carried out to study the economy of the proces
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Delay in presentation to hospital for childhood cataract surgery in India
Purpose
Cataract is one of the major causes of avoidable visual disability in children and the aim of this study was to investigate the age at which children with cataract present for surgery at tertiary hospitals across India.
Methods:
A prospective multicenter study collected data from 9 eye hospitals in 8 states in India. All children admitted for cataract surgery between Nov 2015 and March 2016 were considered eligible. Parents were interviewed at the hospital by trained personnel and socio demographic information, age at diagnosis and at surgery and the relevant clinical data were obtained from the medical records. Mean age, age range at surgery were used and performed logistic regression analyses.
Results
Parents of 751 consecutive cases were interviewed, of which 469(63%) were boys and 548(73%) were from rural areas. Cataract was bilateral in 493 (66%) and unilateral in 258 (34%); of the unilateral cases, 179 (69%) were due to trauma. The mean age at surgery for ‘congenital’ and ‘developmental’ cataract was 48.2±50.9 and 99.7±46.42 months respectively and the mean age was lower in the southern region compared to other regions. Children with 2 or more siblings at home were five times more likely to undergo surgery within 12 months (OR, 4.69; 95% CI: 2.04 – 10.79; p = <0.001).
Conclusions
Late surgery for childhood cataract remains a major challenge and the factors determining this issue in India are pertinent also to several other countries and need to be addressed for every child with cataract to achieve full visual potential
Geotechnical properties of the bank sediments along the Dhansiri River channel,Assam
The bank sediments along the extremely meandered Dhansiri River channel, a south bank tributary of the
mighty Brahmaputra River, with erosion potentiality have been investigated to evaluate its certain geotechnical
characteristics. The study has shown that the bank sediments are basically composed of CL and ML types of soil. These
types of sediments are very much prone to liquefaction which in turn related to erosion susceptibility. The bank stability
analysis has differentiated the studied stretch into unstable, at risk and stable zones. Most of the erosion affected
zones along the channel reach under study are located within the unstable or at risk zones. The field study around
Butalikhowa, Barguriagaon, Golaghat and Duchmuagaon areas along the channel with active erosion activity has supported
our contention and practical utility of the present study. It is expected that such type of study will help in providing
certain inevitable baseline information for various channel management practices for this extremely flood prone areas
of Northeast India
Cleaning of Indian coals by agglomeration with xylene and hexane
A laboratory scale agglomeration process has been undertaken for
cleaning Indian coals using oils namely, xylene and hexane.
Maximum organic matter recovery for xylene has been found to be
91.9% whereas with hexane, the value is 54.7% on a dry basis. The
highest ash rejection values with xylene (90.7%) and with hexane
(89.7%) are almost same. Promising results for rejection of metals
(Fe, Mg and Zn) have been observed. It has been found that xylene
is more selective than hexane for the agglomeration process.
Knowledge gained from this study will be helpful for technological
advancement of this kind of work
Reactor mixing angle from hybrid neutrino masses
In terms of its eigenvector decomposition, the neutrino mass matrix (in the
basis where the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal) can be understood as
originating from a tribimaximal dominant structure with small deviations, as
demanded by data. If neutrino masses originate from at least two different
mechanisms, referred to as "hybrid neutrino masses", the experimentally
observed structure naturally emerges provided one mechanism accounts for the
dominant tribimaximal structure while the other is responsible for the
deviations. We demonstrate the feasibility of this picture in a fairly
model-independent way by using lepton-number-violating effective operators,
whose structure we assume becomes dictated by an underlying flavor
symmetry. We show that if a second mechanism is at work, the requirement of
generating a reactor angle within its experimental range always fixes the solar
and atmospheric angles in agreement with data, in contrast to the case where
the deviations are induced by next-to-leading order effective operators. We
prove this idea is viable by constructing an -based ultraviolet
completion, where the dominant tribimaximal structure arises from the type-I
seesaw while the subleading contribution is determined by either type-II or
type-III seesaw driven by a non-trivial singlet (minimal hybrid model).
After finding general criteria, we identify all the symmetries
capable of producing such -based minimal hybrid models.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures. v3: section including sum rules added, accepted
by JHE
Grand unification in the minimal left-right symmetric extension of the standard model
The simplest minimal left-right symmetric extension of the standard model is
studied in the high energy limit, and some consequences of the grand
unification hypothesis are explored assuming that the parity breaking scale is
the only relevant energy between the electro-weak scale and the unification
point. While the model is shown to be compatible with the observed neutrino
phenomenology, the parity breaking scale and the heavy boson masses are
predicted to be above 10^7 TeV, quite far from the reach of nowadays
experiments. Below that scale only an almost sterile right handed neutrino is
allowed with a mass M \approx 100 TeV
Deviation from tri-bimaximal mixings in two types of inverted hierarchical neutrino mass models
An attempt is made to explore the possibility for deviations of solar mixing
angle () from tri-bimaximal mixings, without sacrificing the
predictions of maximal atmospheric mixing angle () and zero
reactor angle (). We find that the above conjecture can be
automatically realised in the inverted hierarchical neutrino mass model having
2-3 symmetry, in the basis where charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal. For
the observed ranges of and \bigtriangleup m^2_{23],
we calculate the predictions on for
different input values of the parameters in the neutrino mass matrix. We also
observe a possible crossing over from one type of inverted hierarchical model
having same CP parity (Type-IHA) to other type having opposite CP parity
(Type-IHB). Such neutrino mass matrices can be obtained from the canonical
seesaw formula using diagonal form of Dirac neutrino mass matrix and
non-diagonal texture of right-handed Majorana mass matrix, and may have
important implications in model building using discrete as well as non-abelian
symmetry groups.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
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