HEALTH CARE FACILITIES FOR ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN KASTURBA GANDHI BALIKA VIDALAYA (KGBV) OF ASSAM

The adolescent girls of the Kasturba Gandhi BalikaVidalaya (KGBV) need access to information and services related to nutrition, reproductive health, family planning, and general health. The girls need to be taught the ways to keep their bodies clean to avoid any type of infection. As the girls are growing faster at this periods of time than at any time after their first year of life therefore nutritious food should be provided to the girls of KGBV. Methods: The state of Assam in India was selected for the present study. Multi stage sampling design was adopted for the study. The sampling units at different stages were State, District and Kasturba Gandhi BalikaVidyalayas (KGBVs). The six districts namely Dibrugarh, Sibsagar, LakhimpurNagoan, Kamrup and Barpeta District were selected purposively for the study. To elicit information from the sample, an interview schedule was developed. The collected data was organized, coded, consolidated and tabulated by using Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed systematically. The preliminary analytical devices expressed in frequency and percentage was used to assess the health care facilities provided in KGBV. Conclusion: The study indicates that although the food staffs are regularly provided to the girls of KGBV but more nutritious foods are to be incorporated in the diet. The health check up camps is to be organized in convergence with health department in a regular interval. KEYWORDS: Health care; Facilities; Adolescent; Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES FOR ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN KASTURBA GANDHI BALIKA VIDALAYA (KGBV) OF ASSAM

The adolescent girls of the Kasturba Gandhi BalikaVidalaya (KGBV) need access to information and services related to nutrition, reproductive health, family planning, and general health. The girls need to be taught the ways to keep their bodies clean to avoid any type of infection. As the girls are growing faster at this periods of time than at any time after their first year of life therefore nutritious food should be provided to the girls of KGBV. Methods: The state of Assam in India was selected for the present study. Multi stage sampling design was adopted for the study. The sampling units at different stages were State, District and Kasturba Gandhi BalikaVidyalayas (KGBVs). The six districts namely Dibrugarh, Sibsagar, LakhimpurNagoan, Kamrup and Barpeta District were selected purposively for the study. To elicit information from the sample, an interview schedule was developed. The collected data was organized, coded, consolidated and tabulated by using Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed systematically. The preliminary analytical devices expressed in frequency and percentage was used to assess the health care facilities provided in KGBV. Conclusion: The study indicates that although the food staffs are regularly provided to the girls of KGBV but more nutritious foods are to be incorporated in the diet. The health check up camps is to be organized in convergence with health department in a regular interval. KEYWORDS: Health care; Facilities; Adolescent; Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas

COMBINED EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CURCUMA LONGA LINN.WITH METFORMIN IN DIABETES INDUCED NEUROPTAHIC PAIN IN RATS

Objectives: A number of studies previously conducted have shown that the progression of severity of diabetic Neuropathy relates the increased oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia describing the probable underlying mechanism as changes in the anti-oxidant enzyme level leading to several vascular and neuronal changes. The present investigation was carried out to observe the combined effect of Aqueous Extract of Curcuma longa Linn.(Curcumin) with Metformin  in delaying of Diabetes induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats.Methods: The high-fat diet treated male SD rats were induced diabetic by a single intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozocin (35mg/kg). Eddy's Hot Plate and Hot Water Tail Immersion test were the Models used to assess the Neuropathic pain. The high Fat diet treated and Diabetic Rats were treated with Metformin (500mg/kg), Curcumin (300mg/kg) and a combination of low dose of Metformin with Curcumin, followed by the oral glucose tolerance test before and after the treatment on both Normal and Diabetic Rats. After 7 weeks of treatment TBARS, SOD, Catalase and GSH levels were also estimated in the sciatic nerve homogenate of Diabetic Rats and compared with the control followed by a supporting histopathological examination of Sciatic Nerve.Results: Diabetic Rats treated with Curcuma longa Linn. and Metformin  alone and in combination showed a significant improvement in control of blood glucose level and restoration of anti-oxidant enzyme levels. There was a significant improvement in the hyperalgesia (P<0.001) due to Diabetic Neuropathy and also the reaction time to the nociceptive stimuli in Neuropathic pain models was increased after the treatment.Key Words:   Antioxidant, Curcumin, Diabetes, Metformin, Neuropathy, Streptozoci

Phylogenetic tree inferred from nucleotide sequences of 13 PCGs of 34 organisms using bayesian inference (BI) method in MrBayes v3.2.6.

<p>The tree is drawn to scale with bayesian posterior probability values indicated along with the branches.</p

Phylogenetic tree inferred from nucleotide sequences of 13 PCGs of 34 organisms using maximum likelihood (ML) method in RaxmlGUI v1.3 (1000 bootstrap replicates).

<p>The tree is drawn to scale with bootstrap values indicated along with the branches.</p

The mitochondrial genome of Muga silkworm (<i>Antheraea assamensis</i>) and its comparative analysis with other lepidopteran insects

<div><p>Muga (<i>Antheraea assamensis</i>) is an economically important silkmoth endemic to the states of Assam and Meghalaya in India and is the producer of the strongest known commercial silk. However, there is a scarcity of genomic and proteomic data for understanding the organism at a molecular level. Our present study is on decoding the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of <i>A</i>. <i>assamensis</i> using next generation sequencing technology and comparing it with other available lepidopteran mitogenomes. Mitogenome of <i>A</i>. <i>assamensis</i> is an AT rich circular molecule of 15,272 bp (A+T content ~80.2%). It contains 37 genes comprising of 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA and 2 rRNA genes along with a 328 bp long control region. Its typical <i>tRNA</i>^<i>Met</i><i>-tRNA</i>^<i>Ile</i><i>-tRNA</i>^<i>Gln</i> arrangement differed from ancestral insects (<i>tRNA</i>^<i>Ile</i><i>-tRNA</i>^<i>Gln</i><i>-tRNA</i>^<i>Met</i>). Two PCGs <i>cox1</i> and <i>cox2</i> were found to have CGA and GTG as start codons, respectively as reported in some lepidopterans. Interestingly, <i>nad4l</i> gene showed higher transversion mutations at intra-species than inter-species level. All PCGs evolved under strong purifying selection with highest evolutionary rates observed for <i>atp8</i> gene while lowest for <i>cox1</i> gene. We observed the typical clover-leaf shaped secondary structures of tRNAs with a few exceptions in case of <i>tRNA</i>^<i>Ser1</i> and <i>tRNA</i>^<i>Tyr</i> where stable DHU and TΨC loop were absent. A significant number of mismatches (35) were found to spread over 19 tRNA structures. The control region of mitogenome contained a six bp (CTTAG<u>A/G</u>) deletion atypical of other <i>Antheraea</i> species and lacked tandem repeats. Phylogenetic position of <i>A</i>. <i>assamensis</i> was consistent with the traditional taxonomic classification of Saturniidae. The complete annotated mitogenome is available in GenBank (Accession No. KU379695). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on complete mitogenome of <i>A</i>. <i>assamensis</i>.</p></div

Evolutionary rates (Ka/Ks) of individual PCG of <i>A</i>. <i>assamensis</i> with selected species.

<p>w.r.t. here denotes with reference to-.</p

<i>A</i>. <i>assamensis</i> mitochondrial genome.

<p><b>(A) Circular map (B) Characteristic features of the mitogenome.</b><i>tRNAs</i> are represented as <i>trn</i> followed by the IUPAC-IUB single letter amino acid codes e.g. <i>trnM</i> denote <i>tRNA</i>^<i>Met</i>. IGN represents (+) values as intergenic nucleotides and (-) values as overlapping regions.</p

Codon usage in <i>A</i>. <i>assamensis</i> mitogenome.

<p><b>(A) Codon distribution where CDspT = codons per thousand codons (B) Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU).</b> Termination codons were excluded in the study.</p