988 research outputs found
French investment banking at Belle Ăpoque: the legacy of the 19th century Haute Banque
The research program about the history of investment banking assesses through this text the legacy transmitted by the merchant banks (Haute Banque) to the Paris banking market. It first delimited the foibles which hindered them in the last quarter of the 19th century, but prĂ©cised how they succeeded in renewing themselves and in absorbing fresh forces of initiative and creativeness. It draws the strong lines of the strategic deployment of the private bankers, of their portfolio of banking skills and their aptitude to insert themselves in banking in the wake of âmodernâ banks or even to create one, the Banque de lâunion parisienne (Bup) in 1904.Bank, merchant banking; Paris banking market; banking strategy; portfolio of strategic activities; firmsâ portfolio of skills
Geopolitics versus business interests: The case of the Siberian gas-pipeline in the 1980s
The discovery of a huge gas deposit in North Siberia in the 1980s changed somewhat western Europe economy, because an abundant and low cost energy source allowed to alleviate the burden of the 'energy crisis' and, above all, paved the way to a large geopolitical argument: could western companies provide to the USSR, although enduring a new wave of political âthawâ, money, equipment and engineering to develop that deposit? The USA endeavoured to stem these agreements, to invoke the texts of the COCOM and the spirit of NATO. But western-Europe states helped the firms of their countries, which concluded important contracts with URSS.Gas, USSR, West-Est, Geopolitics, COCOM, NATO, International relations, Siberia
French banks in Hong Kong (1860s-1950s): Challengers to British banks?
French banking expansion in China and South-East Asia had to respect the powerful influence of British banks there. From the 1860s French merchant and banking interests had been involved in Hong Kong business because of the colonial developments in Indochina and the links between this area and the Hong Kong centre. The growth of commercial links between the colony and China favoured further integration of banking and currency exchanges with Hong Kong, through the Banque de lâIndochine corporation, competing with Hsbc. It was itself committed to finance Asian-French commercial flows (silk, etc.) directly (Lyon, Bordeaux, Paris) or indirectly (London branch) took part to banking links with France. But Hong Kong also became a bridgehead for Banque de lâIndochine into southern China (Canton, etc.) from the1890s up to the 1930s and, in parallel with the Shanghai branch, its branch there asserted itself as a part of French expansion in the Far-East.Imperialism, First Globalization, Bank, Overseas, China, Hong-Kong, Guangzhou
Did the Compagnie du canal de Suez assume its tasks to adapt the canal equipment to transit shipping (1900-1956)?
Harsh arguments accompanied the development and the history of the Suez canal company either among nationalist Egyptians (just before, during or just after the nationalisation of the canal in 1956) or among some historians dedicated to find out clues of imperialist powers on key tools and moves of world economy. Whilst some historians (D. Landes, S. Saul, C. Niquet) denounced the financial tutelage exerted by the Suez company on Egypt, a commonplace opinion reproached the Company to have neglected the basic investment to modernize the Suez canal and had accused it of enlivening privileged incomes without managing a broad engineering project to allow the canal to reach standards of modern shipping. Our paper will scrutinise the evolution of the canal after its inception and emerging period, at its apex. It will gauge the financial figures of the investment moves of the company, the equipment of the canal management in Port-SaĂŻd, IsmaĂŻlia and Suez Port, the actual evolution of the canal ability to face transit constraints, and the technical level reached by the piloting entity. It will also raise the question of the Egyptianisation of the staff but will not consider the question of the contribution of the canal developments to Egyptâs development, which will take place elsewhere. Such a paper will be intimately linked to maritime history as it will study a key water-way of international maritime roads and ponder the relationship between the evolution of shipping and transit on one side and the equipment and modernisation of the Suez canal on the other side. Its long-range scope will avoid a too much restrained case study and help consider far-reaching debates and conclusions.Suez canal, maritime transport, shipping companies, Egypt, the Indian route, shipping lanes
Les mutations du traitement des données comptables dans les banques françaises dans les années 1930-1960
Lâhistoire des banques en tant que « firmes » reste encore lacunaire pour les dĂ©cennies antĂ©rieures aux travaux des spĂ©cialistes dâĂ©conomie industrielle au sein des dĂ©partements de gestion ou de sciences Ă©conomiques, qui portent sur le dernier tiers du XXe siĂšcle. Pourtant une « prĂ©histoire » du management est pertinente pour Ă©valuer comment les banquiers ont Ă©voluĂ© dâun type de sociĂ©tĂ© plutĂŽt informelle oĂč les mĂ©thodes de traitement administratif et comptable avaient en fait plus ou moins lĂ©guĂ©es par les techniques constituĂ©es pendant les XVe- XVIIIe siĂšcles Ă un type de sociĂ©tĂ© structurĂ©e en une vĂ©ritable « organisation ». La notion de « rationalisation » devient alors un mot dâordre et dĂ©termine un processus dâĂ©volution vers un nouveau type dâĂ©conomie tertiaire, beaucoup plus « formalisĂ©e » â en opposition Ă une Ă©conomie « informelle » ou simplement encore « inorganisĂ©e » â parce que les banques se sont soudain inquiĂ©tĂ©es de ne plus pouvoir connaĂźtre la rĂ©alitĂ© de lâĂ©tendue chiffrĂ©e des risques quâelles brassaient. Les exigences de contrĂŽle des risques â lâune des spĂ©cificitĂ©s du portefeuille de savoir-faire des banques â ont Ă©videmment pesĂ© en faveur dâune rapide acclimatation de mĂ©thodes « industrielles » pour mettre en place une rĂ©elle « organisation tertiaire ». Câest pourquoi lâintroduction des machines comptables nâest quâune piĂšce du vaste ensemble de rĂ©formes de rationalisation qui se cristallise dans les annĂ©es 1920-1950 : standardisation, normalisation, suppression des doublons-papiers et des duplications ou chevauchements de services, durcissement des procĂ©dures de contrĂŽle et mĂ©canisation (de lâĂ©criture, avec les machines Ă Ă©crire ; ou des comptes) sont autant dâoutils de cette mutation structurelle qui introduit les « technologies de lâinformation » dans le secteur bancaire.
Colonial and imperial banking history
One might suppose that banking history has come to a turning point. The accumulation of case studies has for many years offered the opportunity to understand the specific role of banks in long-term economic development. In recent times, the business history approach â both methodological and theoretical â has added new elements for a more specific evaluation of the Chandlerian paradigm â the couple âstrategyâ and âstructureâ â in this sector. There are many reasons to appreciate the effort that has been made to adapt a methodology, and a sort of Weltanschauung (some kind of a world-wide system), conceived for big industrial companies to financial institutions. However, some areas of banking history still need improvement, and that is the case for banks active in overseas territories either under European influence or still undergoing the move to development. This explains why this book chose to confront various histories on a geographical field (Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, with a few in Asia) but also on a thematic field: colonial and imperial bankinginfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
ModÚle de morphogénÚse urbaine: simulation d'espaces qualitativement différenciés dans le cadre du modÚle de l'économie urbaine
Nous présentons un nouveau modÚle de morphogénÚse urbaine en schématisant la théorie de la forme urbaine de Ritchot dans le cadre du modÚle d'Alonso-Mills-Muth. Ce modÚle permet d'obtenir, par simulation, des espaces urbains qualitativement différentiés, des formes urbaines cohérentes avec des villes réelles et répondant correctement aux chocs de ses paramÚtres. Fondamentalement, ce modÚle permet de questionner le rapport entre économie et politique dans la fabrique des formes urbaines
Débats autour de la désindustrialisation française
This essay mobilises the critical studies of two historians and a public company manager who have constructed systems for analysing the causes of France's deindustrialisation since the turn of the 1980s. A review of the ten or so themes around which issues concerning the responsibilities of the state's economic apparatus, company managers or experts are articulated allows for discussions about a recent history, admittedly, but which benefits from two dozen testimonies
Bertrand Blancheton, Le Pape et lâEmpereur. La BdF, la direction du TrĂ©sor et la politique monĂ©taire de la France (1914-1928)
La collection crĂ©Ă©e par la BdF pour commĂ©morer son bicentenaire accueille avec Bernard Blancheton un livre dâĂ©conomiste. On aurait pu croire que tout avait Ă©tĂ© dit sur le sujet quâil sâest donnĂ©, depuis les travaux de Debeir, Jeanneney ou MourĂ©. Or le regard portĂ© par lâauteur complĂšte beaucoup et, mĂȘme parfois, renouvelle le sujet, en particulier parce quâil relie « histoire et mesure »⊠Câest quâil sâest attaquĂ© vaillamment Ă des sĂ©ries de donnĂ©es statistiques jusquâalors dĂ©laissĂ©es (sur la..
Lâhistoire dâentreprise ne « sert » Ă rien !
Alors que lâhistoire dâentreprise ou business history a rencontrĂ© de plus en plus de succĂšs dans les annĂ©es 1980-1990, soit par le biais dâagences spĂ©cialisĂ©es soit dans le cadre de recherchers universitaires, des questions se posent quant au dessein de leurs commanditaires. Est-ce que cette « histoire appliquĂ©e » est vraiment utile Ă la gestion des sociĂ©tĂ©s, Ă lâamĂ©lioration de leur efficacitĂ©Â ? Cette conception utilitariste de lâHistoire ne sâavĂšre-t-elle pas Ă lâusage trompeuse ou dĂ©cevante ? Ne doit-on pas rĂ©habiliter une conception de lâhistoire dâentreprise qui privilĂ©gie nettement la recherche « pure », quitte Ă ce que les firmes en utilisent leurs rĂ©sultats pour leur politique de communication interne ou externe ? Le plaisir dâHistoire ne doit-il pas reprendre le dessus sur le besoin dâHistoire ?While business history met with increasing success between 1980 and 1990, either due to specialised agencies or else within the framework of academic research, certain questions must be asked concerning the intentions of those who are concerned. Is this « applied history »really useful to company management or to improving companies efficiency? Isnât this utilitarian concept of History proving to be deceptive or disappointing? Shouldnât we rehabilitate a concept of business history which would clearly come out in favour of « pure »research, even if firms have to use the results produced for their internal or external communication policy? Shouldnât the pleasure of History take over from the necessity for History
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