Mean Li-Yorke chaos in Banach spaces

We investigate the notion of mean Li-Yorke chaos for operators on Banach spaces. We show that it differs from the notion of distributional chaos of type 2, contrary to what happens in the context of topological dynamics on compact metric spaces. We prove that an operator is mean Li-Yorke chaotic if and only if it has an absolutely mean irregular vector. As a consequence, absolutely Ces\`aro bounded operators are never mean Li-Yorke chaotic. Dense mean Li-Yorke chaos is shown to be equivalent to the existence of a dense (or residual) set of absolutely mean irregular vectors. As a consequence, every mean Li-Yorke chaotic operator is densely mean Li-Yorke chaotic on some infinite-dimensional closed invariant subspace. A (Dense) Mean Li-Yorke Chaos Criterion and a sufficient condition for the existence of a dense absolutely mean irregular manifold are also obtained. Moreover, we construct an example of an invertible hypercyclic operator $T$ such that every nonzero vector is absolutely mean irregular for both $T$ and $T^{-1}$. Several other examples are also presented. Finally, mean Li-Yorke chaos is also investigated for $C_0$-semigroups of operators on Banach spaces.Comment: 26 page

Observational Constraints on f(T)f(T) gravity from varying fundamental constants

We use observations related to the variation of fundamental constants, in order to impose constraints on the viable and most used $f(T)$ gravity models. In particular, for the fine-structure constant we use direct measurements obtained by different spectrographic methods, while for the effective Newton's constant we use a model-dependent reconstruction, using direct observational Hubble parameter data, in order to investigate its temporal evolution. We consider two $f(T)$ models and we quantify their deviation from $\Lambda$CDM cosmology through a sole parameter. Our analysis reveals that this parameter can be slightly different from its $\Lambda$CDM value, however the best-fit value is very close to the $\Lambda$CDM one. Hence, $f(T)$ gravity is consistent with observations, nevertheless, as every modified gravity, it may exhibit only small deviations from $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, a feature that must be taken into account in any $f(T)$ model-building.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 3 Tables, version published in Eur.Phys.J.

Nonequilibrium free energy, H theorem and self-sustained oscillations for Boltzmann-BGK descriptions of semiconductor superlattices

Semiconductor superlattices (SL) may be described by a Boltzmann-Poisson kinetic equation with a Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision term which preserves charge, but not momentum or energy. Under appropriate boundary and voltage bias conditions, these equations exhibit time-periodic oscillations of the current caused by repeated nucleation and motion of charge dipole waves. Despite this clear nonequilibrium behavior, if we `close' the system by attaching insulated contacts to the superlattice and keeping its voltage bias to zero volts, we can prove the H theorem, namely that a free energy $\Phi(t)$ of the kinetic equations is a Lyapunov functional ($\Phi\geq 0$, $d\Phi/dt\leq 0$). Numerical simulations confirm that the free energy decays to its equilibrium value for a closed SL, whereas for an `open' SL under appropriate dc voltage bias and contact conductivity $\Phi(t)$ oscillates in time with the same frequency as the current self-sustained oscillations.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, minor revision of latex fil

Evaluaci?n del suministro de niveles crecientes de metabolitos de la vitamina D3, en la alimentaci?n de pollos de engorde frente a los par?metros productivos, sanitarios y de toxicidad durante el ciclo 1 a 42 d?as

102 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLa vitamina D3 tiene un papel primordial en la homeostasis del calcio a nivel del metabolismo ?seo, participa en la regulaci?n del crecimiento celular, adem?s de intervenir en el desarrollo neurol?gico y la inmunomodulaci?n. El presente estudio, eval?o el suministro de niveles crecientes de dos metabolitos de la vitamina D3 (25-OHD3 y 1?-OHD3) en la alimentaci?n de pollos de engorde frente a los par?metros productivos, sanitarios y de toxicidad durante un ciclo de 42 d?as. Se utiliz? un sistema de alimentaci?n por fases (Fase Iniciaci?n: d?a 1 al 21 de edad; Fase engorde: d?a 22 al 42 de edad). Los tratamientos consistieron en un testigo (T1=0 ?g/Kg) y niveles crecientes del metabolito 25-OHD3 (T2=34,5 ?g/Kg; T3=69 ?g/Kg; T4=138 ?g/Kg y T5=276 ?g/Kg) y el metabolito 1?-OHD3 en cantidades de (T6=2.5 ?g/Kg; T7= 5 ?g/Kg; T8= 10 ?g/Kg y T9= 20 ?g/Kg). Se evalu? el peso corporal (g), consumo de alimento acumulado (g), conversi?n alimenticia (kg/kg), % supervivencia, FEEP, EA y el IP y se analiz? el % de cenizas, calcio y fosforo, junto con la resistencia ?sea en tibia y las lesiones histopatol?gicas a nivel de h?gado y ri??n a los d?as 21 y 42 de edad. As? mismo se calcul? el ?ndice de Seedor al d?a 42 de edad. El metabolito 25-OHD3 a la dosis de 69 ?g/Kg mostro el mayor peso y ganancia corporal a los 42 d?as de edad, con una mejor conversi?n alimenticia, siendo en este par?metro similar a la dosis 2.5, 5, 10 ?g/Kg del metabolito 1?-OHD3 (P<0.05), en este metabolito la conversi?n ajustada a 2kg, fue la mejor para la dosis 5 ?g/Kg (P<0.05). Los valores de calcio y f?sforo fueron mayores al d?a 21 que al d?a 42 de edad, logrando el metabolito 25-OHD3 (69 ?g/Kg) valores consistentemente altos en ambos periodos, siendo el valor de las cenizas al d?a 42 para todos los tratamientos mayor que el testigo (P<0.05). El valor de resistencia fue mayor para los metabolitos frente al testigo al d?a 42 (P<0.05), observ?ndose los mayores valores registrados para 1?-OHD3. No se presentaron diferencias estad?sticas para los valores de ?ndice de Seedor entre los tratamientos. Los valores de eficiencia Americana e ?ndice de productividad fueron mayores para los metabolitos frente al testigo (P<0.05). No se encontr? un efecto toxicol?gico claro a nivel histopatol?gico en las dosis utilizadas en el presente estudio. El suministro de la dosis recomendada en ambos metabolitos econ?micamente fue beneficioso, siendo econ?micamente m?s rentable el metabolito 1?-OHD3 (P<0.05), en donde es posible disminuirlo a la mitad de la dosis.Vitamin D plays a key role in calcium homeostasis at the level of bone metabolism. Likewise, it participates in the regulation of cell growth, as well as intervening in neurological development and immunomodulation. The present study evaluates the provision of increased levels of two metabolites of vitamin D3 (25 - OHD3 and 1? - OHD3) in the feeding of broilers against health and toxicity parameters during a 42-day cycle. A system of phase feeding is used (Initialization phase: 1 to 21 days, grower phase: 22 to 42 days). The considered treatments consisted of a control (T1 = 0 ?g/ kg) and increased levels of metabolite 25 - OHD3 (T2 = 34.5 ?g/kg and T3 = 69 ?g/kg and T4 = 138 ?g/ kg and T5=276 ?g/Kg) and 1? - OHD3 metabolite in quantities of (T6 = 2.5 ?g/kg and T7 = 5 ?g/g / kg and T8 = 10 ?g/kg and T9 = 20 ?g/kg). Body weight (g), cumulative food intake (g), feed conversion (kg/kg), survival percentage, FEEP, EA and IP are evaluated. Moreover, ash percentage, calcium and phosphorus are analyzed, along with bone strength in tibia and histopathological lesions in liver and kidney at 21nd and 42nd days of age. Likewise, Seedor index age at day 42nd is calculated in the present study. The metabolite 25 - OHD3 (69 ?g / kg) showed the greatest weight gain and body at 42 days of age , with better feed conversion, this being similar to 2.5, 5 and 10 ?g / kg the metabolite 1? - OHD3 (P < 0.05 ) this metabolite in the adjusted conversion to 2kg was best for the dose 5 ?g / kg ( P < 0.05). The calcium and phosphorus values were higher at day 21 than at day 42 of age, making the metabolite 25OHD3 (69 ?g / kg) consistently high in both periods, being the value of the ashes to day 42 for all treatments greater than control (P < 0.05). The resistance value was greater for the metabolites versus control at day 42 (P< 0.05), with the largest recorded for 1? - OHD3 values. No statistical differences for Seedor index values between treatments were presented. Values American efficiency and productivity index were greater for the metabolites compared to the control (P < 0.05). No clear histopathological toxicological effects at the doses used in this study were found. The two metabolites recommended dose delivery was economically beneficial, be economically more profitable metabolite 1?-OHD3 (P <0.05), where it is possible to decrease to half the dose. Keywords: Altered bone, cholecalciferol, productive performance, bone strengt

Evaluaci?n del suministro de niveles crecientes de metabolitos de la vitamina d3 en la alimentaci?n de pollos de engorde frente a los par?metros productivos, sanitarios y de toxicidad durante el ciclo de 1 a 42 d?as

102 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoLa vitamina D3 tiene un papel primordial en la homeostasis del calcio a nivel del metabolismo ?seo, participa en la regulaci?n del crecimiento celular, adem?s de intervenir en el desarrollo neurol?gico y la inmunomodulaci?n. El presente estudio, eval?o el suministro de niveles crecientes de dos metabolitos de la vitamina D3 (25-OHD3 y 1?-OHD3) en la alimentaci?n de pollos de engorde frente a los par?metros productivos, sanitarios y de toxicidad durante un ciclo de 42 d?as. Se utiliz? un sistema de alimentaci?n por fases (Fase Iniciaci?n: d?a 1 al 21 de edad; Fase engorde: d?a 22 al 42 de edad). Los tratamientos consistieron en un testigo (T1=0 ?g/Kg) y niveles crecientes del metabolito 25-OHD3 (T2=34,5 ?g/Kg; T3=69 ?g/Kg; T4=138 ?g/Kg y T5=276 ?g/Kg) y el metabolito 1?-OHD3 en cantidades de (T6=2.5 ?g/Kg; T7= 5 ?g/Kg; T8= 10 ?g/Kg y T9= 20 ?g/Kg). Se evalu? el peso corporal (g), consumo de alimento acumulado (g), conversi?n alimenticia (kg/kg), % supervivencia, FEEP, EA y el IP y se analiz? el % de cenizas, calcio y fosforo, junto con la resistencia ?sea en tibia y las lesiones histopatol?gicas a nivel de h?gado y ri??n a los d?as 21 y 42 de edad. As? mismo se calcul? el ?ndice de Seedor al d?a 42 de edad. El metabolito 25-OHD3 a la dosis de 69 ?g/Kg mostro el mayor peso y ganancia corporal a los 42 d?as de edad, con una mejor conversi?n alimenticia, siendo en este par?metro similar a la dosis 2.5, 5, 10 ?g/Kg del metabolito 1?-OHD3 (P<0.05), en este metabolito la conversi?n ajustada a 2kg, fue la mejor para la dosis 5 ?g/Kg (P<0.05). Los valores de calcio y f?sforo fueron mayores al d?a 21 que al d?a 42 de edad, logrando el metabolito 25-OHD3 (69 ?g/Kg) valores consistentemente altos en ambos periodos, siendo el valor de las cenizas al d?a 42 para todos los tratamientos mayor que el testigo (P<0.05). El valor de resistencia fue mayor para los metabolitos frente al testigo al d?a 42 (P<0.05), observ?ndose los mayores valores registrados para 1?-OHD3. No se presentaron diferencias estad?sticas para los valores de ?ndice de Seedor entre los tratamientos. Los valores de eficiencia Americana e ?ndice de productividad fueron mayores para los metabolitos frente al testigo (P<0.05). No se encontr? un efecto toxicol?gico claro a nivel histopatol?gico en las dosis utilizadas en el presente estudio. El suministro de la dosis recomendada en ambos metabolitos econ?micamente fue beneficioso, siendo econ?micamente m?s rentable el metabolito 1?-OHD3 (P<0.05), en donde es posible disminuirlo a la mitad de la dosis.ABSTRACT Vitamin D plays a key role in calcium homeostasis at the level of bone metabolism. Likewise, it participates in the regulation of cell growth, as well as intervening in neurological development and immunomodulation. The present study evaluates the provision of increased levels of two metabolites of vitamin D3 (25 - OHD3 and 1? - OHD3) in the feeding of broilers against health and toxicity parameters during a 42-day cycle. A system of phase feeding is used (Initialization phase: 1 to 21 days, grower phase: 22 to 42 days). The considered treatments consisted of a control (T1 = 0 ?g/ kg) and increased levels of metabolite 25 - OHD3 (T2 = 34.5 ?g/kg and T3 = 69 ?g/kg and T4 = 138 ?g/ kg and T5=276 ?g/Kg) and 1? - OHD3 metabolite in quantities of (T6 = 2.5 ?g/kg and T7 = 5 ?g/g / kg and T8 = 10 ?g/kg and T9 = 20 ?g/kg). Body weight (g), cumulative food intake (g), feed conversion (kg/kg), survival percentage, FEEP, EA and IP are evaluated. Moreover, ash percentage, calcium and phosphorus are analyzed, along with bone strength in tibia and histopathological lesions in liver and kidney at 21nd and 42nd days of age. Likewise, Seedor index age at day 42nd is calculated in the present study. The metabolite 25 - OHD3 (69 ?g / kg) showed the greatest weight gain and body at 42 days of age , with better feed conversion, this being similar to 2.5, 5 and 10 ?g / kg the metabolite 1? - OHD3 (P < 0.05 ) this metabolite in the adjusted conversion to 2kg was best for the dose 5 ?g / kg ( P < 0.05). The calcium and phosphorus values were higher at day 21 than at day 42 of age, making the metabolite 25OHD3 (69 ?g / kg) consistently high in both periods, being the value of the ashes to day 42 for all treatments greater than control (P < 0.05). The resistance value was greater for the metabolites versus control at day 42 (P< 0.05), with the largest recorded for 1? - OHD3 values. No statistical differences for Seedor index values between treatments were presented. Values American efficiency and productivity index were greater for the metabolites compared to the control (P < 0.05). No clear histopathological toxicological effects at the doses used in this study were found. The two metabolites recommended dose delivery was economically beneficial, be economically more profitable metabolite 1?-OHD3 (P <0.05), where it is possible to decrease to half the dose.INTRODUCCI?N 13 1. JUSTIFICACI?N 16 2. OBJETIVOS 18 2.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 18 2.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 18 3. MARCO DE REFERENCIA . 19 3.1 GENERALIDADES DE LA VITAMINA D 19 3.2 METABOLISMO DE LA VITAMINA D3 20 3.3 FUNCIONALIDAD DE LA VITAMINA D3 23 3.4 SUPLEMENTACI?N DE LA VITAMINA D3 24 3.5 METABOLITOS DE LA VITAMINA D3 26 3.5.1 25-Hidroxicolecalciferol (25-OHD3) 27 3.5.2 1 Alfa-colecalciferol (1?-OHD3).. 28 3.5.3 1,25 Dihidroxicolecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3).. 29 3.6 TOXICIDAD DE LA VITAMINA D Y SUS METABOLITOS 30 3.7 CALCIO 31 3.8 F?SFORO 33 3.9 FISIOLOG?A ?SEA 36 3.9.1 Alteraciones ?seas. 37 3.9.2 Resistencia ?sea. 41 4. MATERIALES Y M?TODOS 43 4.1 LOCALIZACI?N 43 4.2 ANIMALES Y ALOJAMIENTO 43 4.3 TRATAMIENTOS EXPERIMENTALES 44 6 4.4 PAR?METROS PRODUCTIVOS 46 4.5 MEDICI?N DE LOS NIVELES DE CALCIO Y F?SFORO EN TIBIA DE POLLO 48 4.6 AN?LISIS DE LA RESISTENCIA ?SEA 48 4.7 ?NDICE DE SEEDOR 49 4.8 HISTOPATOLOG?A DE H?GADO Y RI??N 49 4.9 AN?LISIS ECON?MICO 50 4.10 AN?LISIS ESTAD?STICO50 5. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSI?N 52 5.1 PAR?METROS PRODUCTIVOS 52 5.2 ?NDICES PRODUCTIVOS 62 5.3 NIVELES DE CALCIO, F?SFORO Y CENIZAS A NIVEL DE TIBIA 63 5.4 ?NDICE DE SEEDOR 67 5.5 VALORES DE DUREZA DE LA TIBIA EN POLLOS DE ENGORDE A LOS D?AS 21 Y 42 DE EDAD 68 5.6 AN?LISIS HISTOPATOL?GICO 70 5.7 AN?LISIS ECON?MICO 76 6. CONCLUSIONES 78 RECOMENDACIONES 80 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGR?FICAS 8

Temperature dependence of current self-oscillations and electric field domains in sequential tunneling doped superlattices

We examine how the current--voltage characteristics of a doped weakly coupled superlattice depends on temperature. The drift velocity of a discrete drift model of sequential tunneling in a doped GaAs/AlAs superlattice is calculated as a function of temperature. Numerical simulations and theoretical arguments show that increasing temperature favors the appearance of current self-oscillations at the expense of static electric field domain formation. Our findings agree with available experimental evidence.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Synchronization in populations of globally coupled oscillators with inertial effects

A model for synchronization of globally coupled phase oscillators including ``inertial'' effects is analyzed. In such a model, both oscillator frequencies and phases evolve in time. Stationary solutions include incoherent (unsynchronized) and synchronized states of the oscillator population. Assuming a Lorentzian distribution of oscillator natural frequencies, $g(\Omega)$, both larger inertia or larger frequency spread stabilize the incoherent solution, thereby making harder to synchronize the population. In the limiting case $g(\Omega)=\delta(\Omega)$, the critical coupling becomes independent of inertia. A richer phenomenology is found for bimodal distributions. For instance, inertial effects may destabilize incoherence, giving rise to bifurcating synchronized standing wave states. Inertia tends to harden the bifurcation from incoherence to synchronized states: at zero inertia, this bifurcation is supercritical (soft), but it tends to become subcritical (hard) as inertia increases. Nonlinear stability is investigated in the limit of high natural frequencies.Comment: Revtex, 36 pages, submit to Phys. Rev.

COMPARING THE RESPECTIVE EFFECTS OF THREE TYPES OF WARM-UP ON THE COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP: AN ANALYSIS OF NON-ATHLETE COLLEGE STUDENTS

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the respective effects of traditional, dynamic, and plyometric warm-ups on non-athlete college students’ performance of the countermovement jump (CMJ). Forty-seven male non-athlete college students were respectively allocated to three separate groups: the traditional warm-up group (TG), dynamic warm-up group (DG), and the plyometric warm-up group (PG). The DG and PG showed statistically significant improvements in push-off, force, and power (p\u3c0.001) when compared to the TG. No statistically significant differences were observed in jump height, flight time and velocity, and the effect sizes were small. The findings of this study showed that dynamic and plyometric warm-up protocols could influence CMJ performance among non-athlete college students

ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTS OF WARM UP ON ANKLE JOINT MOTION AND STRIKE PATTERNS FOR 50M SPRINT PERFORMANCE.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of ankle angles and strike pattern on 50m sprint test performance for young non-athletes. Twenty-seven non-athletes were distributed in a control group (CG) using habitual PE warm up exercises and an experimental group (EG) using basic sprint drills, and performed pre, control and post 50m sprint tests. Motion analysis data from the left leg ankle angle (LAA), right leg ankle angle (RAA) and strike pattern were obtained during landing moments in the sagittal plane using video recording. In accordance with our findings, basic sprint drill warm-ups can improve sprinting time in young girls and contribute to the strengthening of ankle muscles and joints. Motion analysis and the implementation of warm-ups with basic sprint exercises could help in the recognition of range of motion in ankle joints, and benefit sprint performance