Residential and commercial buildings data book. Second edition

This Data Book updates and expands the previous Data Book originally published by the Department of Energy in October, 1984 (DOE/RL/01830/16). Energy-related information is provided under the following headings: Characteristics of Residential Buildings in the US; Characteristics of New Single Family Construction in the US; Characteristics of New Multi-Family Construction in the US; Household Appliances; Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures; Characteristics of US Commercial Buildings; Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures; Additional Buildings and Community Systems Information. This Data Book complements another Department of Energy document entitled ''Overview of Building Energy Use and Report of Analysis-1985'' October, 1985 (DOE/CE-0140). The Data Book provides supporting data and documentation to the report

Difficulties of Soviet urbanization and construction of the 'socialist city' in the multicultural periphery: Kazan in the 1920s

Based on the example of Kazan in the 1920s, the difficulties and problems of implementing the Soviet policy of urbanization and “socialist city” construction in cities with a nationally and religiously heterogeneous population are shown. This policy and the related processes of rural-urban migration, “indigenization”, “apartment redistribution”, and development of the urban outskirts at the expense of the former “bourgeois” center destroyed, deliberately and purposefully, the urban culture that had previously prevailed here and changed the social and national composition of the urban population. Therefore, they can be regarded as the tools of “positive discrimination”. The “positive discrimination” of the formerly dominant urban Russian culture in favor of the developing Tatar culture, mostly in its rural variant, manifested itself very clearly in education, namely in the content and design of the Soviet Tatar alphabet (alifba). However, the practice of granting preferences to the previously discriminated strata turned out to be short-term, tooled for the tasks of immediate strengthening of the social base of the Soviet power, and designed to destroy the former society and culture. These practices of dealing with multiculturalism became less popular by the late 1920s–early 1930s, as the Bolshevik power stabilized and “state-oriented” and unifying tendencies in the power policy increased

The foreign policy of Russia in 1917: From the conflict around political slogans to the disputes in historio­graphy and the conflict sources

The problems of peace and war and foreign policy in general became the main issues in the development of the situation and in the fate of the government in Russia in 1917. The confrontation on foreign policy issues within the Provisional Government and with the Petrograd Council moved from the reality to the historiographic level. The paper defines the main stages in the study of this problem in the Soviet and post-Soviet historiography, shows the specifics of each of these stages. Special attention was paid to the period of 1960s–1980s, the time of acute discussions, during which a number of odious historiographical clichés (about the “imperialist”, “anti-national” nature of the foreign policy of the Provisional Government, its dependence on the Anglo-French capital, etc.) were rejected, flexibility and independence of the foreign policy of the Provisional Government were shown, its focus on defending the interests of Russia was revealed. The influence of historiographical discussions on the development and modernization of Soviet historiography, on the creation of assumptions for qualitatively new research approaches that emerged at present was investigated. One of the most pressing problems in the history of Russia's foreign policy in 1917 – the problem of “conflict” of information contained in sources of different types and different origins – was examined in detail. The specificity of source basis formation for the problem was traced. The reasons for gaps in the sources were identified, and ways to overcome them were demonstrated

Comparative analysis of energy data bases for the industrial and commercial sectors

Energy data bases for the industrial and commercial sectors were analyzed to determine how valuable this data might be for policy analysis. The approach is the same for both end-use sectors: first a descrption or overview of relevant data bases identifies the available data; the coverage and methods used to generate the data are then explained; the data are then characterized and examples are provided for the major data sets under consideration. A final step assesses the data bases under consideration and draws conclusions. There are a variety of data bases considered for each of the end-use sectors included in this report. Data bases for the industrial sector include the National Energy Accounts, process-derived data bases such as the Drexel data base and data obtained from industry trade associations. For the commercial sector, three types of data bases are analyzed: the Nonresidential Building Energy Consumption Surveys, Dodge Construction Data and the Building Owners and Manager's Association Experience Exchange Report

Influência meteorológica no leucograma e na população citológica do trato respiratório de bezerros

Com o intuito de verificar a influência de diferentes condições meteorológicas na sanidade de bovinos, foi realizado citologia de lavados traqueobrônquicos obtidos por traqueocentese e leucograma sanguíneo de cinco bezerros em situações de extremos de temperatura ambiental, sendo T1 = T (temperatura ambiental) de 5ºC e UR (umidade relativa do ar) 93%; T2 = temperatura controle de T 22ºC e UR 80%; e T3 = T 30ºC e UR 41%. Pode-se observar que a condição T3 provavelmente gerou estresse nos animais, pois se observou monocitose significativa no leucograma e na análise do lavado traqueobrônquico, uma diminuição significativa de macrófagos alveolares gigantes, provavelmente por diminuição da atividade macrofágica alveolar, caracterizando esta temperatura e umidade relativa do ar como favoráveis ao aparecimento de doenças respiratórias

Risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome after meningococcal conjugate vaccination

Item does not contain fulltextPURPOSE: A new meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) was introduced in 2005. Shortly after, case reports of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), a serious demyelinating disease, began to be reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration requested the evaluation of GBS risk after MCV4 vaccination. We conducted a study to assess the risk of GBS after MCV4 vaccination using health plan administrative and claims data together with the review of primary medical records of potential cases. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study among 12.6 million 11- to 21-year-old members of five US health plans with a total membership of 50 million. Automated enrollment and medical claims data from March 2005 through August 2008 were used to identify the population, the vaccinations administered, and the medical services associated with possible GBS. Medical records were reviewed and adjudicated by a neurologist panel to confirm cases of GBS. The study used distributed data analysis methods that minimized sharing of protected health information. RESULTS: We confirmed 99 GBS cases during 18,322,800 person-years (5.4/1,000,000 person-years). More than 1.4 million MCV4 vaccinations were observed. No confirmed cases of GBS occurred within 6 weeks after vaccination. The upper 95% CI for the attributable risk of GBS associated with MCV4 is estimated as 1.5 cases per 1,000,000 doses. CONCLUSIONS: Among members of five US health plans, MCV4 vaccination was not associated with increased GBS risk. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd