Evaluation of treatment of diaphyseal fracture of humerus: Dynamic compression plate versus interlocking nail: A prospective randomized controlled study

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An outline of polar spaces: basics and advances

This paper is an extended version of a series of lectures on polar spaces given during the workshop and conference 'Groups and Geometries', held at the Indian Statistical Institute in Bangalore in December 2012. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the theory of polar spaces focusing on some research topics related to polar spaces. We survey the fundamental results about polar spaces starting from classical polar spaces. Then we introduce and report on the state of the art on the following research topics: polar spaces of infinite rank, embedding polar spaces in groups and projective embeddings of dual polar spaces

IL-10 transcription is negatively regulated by BAF180, a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzyme

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes play a critical role in the development of T helper lymphocytes, including Th2 cells, and directly program chromatin structure at Th2 cytokine genes. Different versions of SWI/SNF complexes, including BAF and PBAF, have been described based on unique subunit composition. However, the relative role of BAF and PBAF in Th cell function and cytokine expression has not been reported.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we examine the role of the PBAF SWI/SNF complex in Th cell development and gene expression using mice deficient for a PBAF-specific component, BAF180. We find that T cell development in the thymus and lymphoid periphery is largely normal when the BAF180 gene is deleted late in thymic development. However, BAF180-deficient Th2 cells express high levels of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10. BAF180 binds directly to regulatory elements in the Il-10 locus but is replaced by BAF250 BAF complexes in the absence of BAF180, resulting in increased histone acetylation and CBP recruitment to the IL-10 locus.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results demonstrate that BAF180 is a repressor of IL-10 transcription in Th2 cells and suggest that the differential recruitment of different SWI/SNF subtypes can have direct consequences on chromatin structure and gene transcription.</p

Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

Background The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively. Funding The Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project funded by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38)

Differential expression of apoptotic proteins in seminiferous tubule cells of adult rats by neonatal exposure to 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), a thyroid disrupting chemical

634-641Role of thyroid hormones in the development of testis is still a matter of debate. Previously, we have shown that spermatogenesis is impaired in adult rats by 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced neonatal hypothyroidism. This was accompanied by augmentation of oxidative stress and modification of the expression of antioxidant defence enzymes in seminiferous tubule cells (STCs) of adult rats. In the present study, we sought to further elucidate the role of neonatal hypothyroidism on the development of testis by investigating the expression of some pro- and anti- apoptotic proteins in adult testicular STCs of rats exposed to PTU from birth because recent studies have demonstrated a pivotal role of oxidative stress in apoptosis.Neonatal PTU treatment has resulted in upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes such as Bax, Bad, caspase-3 and p53 in seminiferous tubule cells in adulthood. Withdrawal of PTU treatment on 30 days of age failed to restore the expression of pro-apoptotic genes in seminiferous tubule cells to that of controls. Expression of Bcl-2 did not change in response to PTU treatment. This study reveals that transient and persistent neonatal hypothyroidism resulted in permanent upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes in rat seminiferous tubule cells in adulthood which may impair testicular physiological functions

A unified approach to problems of scattering of surface water waves by vertical barriers

A unified analysis involving the solution of multiple integral equations via a simple singular integral equation with a Cauchy type kernel is presented to handle problems of surface water wave scattering by vertical barriers. Some well known results are produced in a simple and systematic manner

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Not AvailableEffect ofincreaseddietaryproteinsupplyonrepeated Haemonchuscontortus infection was assessedingrowingnativeChoklalambsinthesemi-aridRajasthanstateofIndia. In a2 3 factorialdesign,48Choklalambs(4–5mo,14.971.0 kg)weredistributedin two maingroups(24animalseach),control(C)andinfected(I)andwerefedon completediets(at3%ofliveweight(LW))withthreelevelsofprotein(CP,g/kgdry matter)high(HP;150),moderate(MP115)andlow(LP;95),thusconstitutingsix treatmentgroupsHPC,HPI,MPC,MPI,LPCandLPIhavingeightanimalseach.Lambsof infectedgroupsweredrenchedwith200infectivelarvae(L3)/kgLWafteronemonthof experimentalfeeding,andsubsequentlywith300L3/kgLWthreetimesaweekfor13 consecutiveweeks.Theexperimentlastedfor21weekswithrecordoffeedintakeand weeklyLWchangealongwithcollectionofbloodandfaecalsamplesforanalysis.Body conditionscore(BCS)ofanimalswererecordedattheendofinfectionregime.A digestibilitytrialwasconductedduring13weeksofinfectiontoassessplaneof nutrition.Themortalitywasgreaterandadverseclinicalsignssuchasinappetance, weightlossandsubmandibularoedemaweremorefrequentintheLPIgroup.TheLPI group alsohadmoresevereanaemia,hypoproteinaemiaandhypoalbumenaemia. Faecaleggcounts,wormburden,establishmentoflarvaeandfecunditywerenot significantly(P40.05) differentbetweenthegroupsofinfectedlambs.However,higher proteinlevelsinthedietenhancedfeedandnutrientintakeandsupportedhigherLW gain withbetterfeedefficiencyandimprovedBCS.Itmaythusbeconcludedthatlambs on LPdietwerelessabletowithstandthepatho-physiologicaleffectsof H. contortus than lambsonMPandHPdiets.Not Availabl