International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Optimisation of tin can thermal ballast requirements of blowdown wind tunnels

This note presents the results of an investigation undertaken to obtain engineering data regarding the economical use of tin cans as thermal ballast in the air receivers of blowdown wind tunnels. A simple analysis shows that a loading ratio of 2 to 3 would be sufficient to limit the temperature drop to about 20xB0;C. Using tin cans of several sizes to find out the relative importance of dimensional parameters such as diameter and cylinder length, an attempt has been made to determine the average surface area per cubic foot of space occupied by randomly stacked tin cans, as the available surface area is very important for effective heat transfer. The possibility of effecting a compromise between cost and thermal ballast efficiency13; in optimising the dimensions of tin cans for a given weight of the ballast is indicated