Malignant diseases in Jos

Background: Cancer non-communicable disease was believed to be rare in the tropics. With gradual adoption of western life style, malignant tumours have continued to be a significant cause of morbidity in our enviroment. The past decade has witnessed increased rate of cancers in various centers in Nigeria. This is as a result of campaign mounted by Nigeria cancer society and more health centers have established oncology units there by facilitating better management for these patients. Methods: Records of all cancers in the department of Pathology were retrospectively examined over a period of 15 years. The information was broken into two 1985-1994 and 1995-2002.This period correspond with the time which cancer society and the Teaching Hospital started free cancer screening programmes. Results: There was over 53% increase in the proportion of cancers between 1995-2002. The commonest cancers were that of cervix, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and breast in that order, between 1985-1994. In 1995-2002 the commonest cancers were breast, cervix, prostate, and Non- Hodgkin's lymphoma in that order. Conclusion: There will be relative increase of cancer in our environment as communicable diseases are gradually being treated and eradicated. Establishment of more oncology units in our tertiary health centers will certainly prolong the life of the patients and improve their quality of life. Keywords: Cancer, epidemiological, follow up, oncology centre Annals of African Medicine Vol.2(2) 2003: 49-5

Relation Between Helicobacter Pylori, Inflammatory (neutrophil) Activity, Chronic Gastritis, Gastric Atrophy And Intestinal Metaplasia

Background: To determine the relation of Helicobacter pylori infection with chronic inflammation, atrophy, activity level and intestinal metaplasia. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 100 consecutive patients with dyspepsia. These patients were fasted for 12 hours and gastroscopic biopsy specimens were obtained from their gastric mucosae. The specimens were histologically evaluated for H. pylori, inflammatory activity, chronic inflammation, gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Results: There were 50(50%) females and 50(50%) males. The average ages of women and men were 36.3±11.5 and 42.9±12.8 respectively. Helicobacter pylori was found in 79%. Neutrophil activity was observed in 83%. Inflammation was found in 95%, glandular atrophy in 38%, intestinal metaplasia in 28% of the cases. Incidental (early gastric) cancer was found in 3%, dysplasia in 2% and reactive gastropathy in 7% of the cases. A statistically significant relationship was found between Helicobacter pylori colonization intensity and the degrees of neutrophil activity, chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia. Conclusion: We concluded that Helicobacter pylori infection results in neutrophil activation and chronic gastritis, and that it has a role in the development of intestinal metaplasia. The greater the intensity of Helicobacter pylori infection, the greater the degrees of neutrophil activation, chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Gastritis, atrophy, Intestinal metaplasia, Gastric cancer, Jos Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Vol. 11 (3) 2008: pp. 270-27

Persistent alveolar soft-part sarcoma with liver metastasis: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Alveolar soft-part sarcomas are rare, slow-growing tumors that metastasize commonly via vascular routes to the lungs, bones, lymph nodes and brain, causing morbidity and mortality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case describing metastasis to the liver reported from Nigeria.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 57-year-old man of the Urhobo ethnic group of Nigeria presented with a persistent mass in his left calf. It was initially diagnosed as soft-tissue sarcoma, and its associated systemic effects lead to his death before a histological diagnosis could be obtained.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Alveolar soft-part sarcoma with metastasis to the liver can occur in our region (northeast Africa), and a high index of suspicion is required to make an early diagnosis, followed by prompt surgical excision with clear margins in order to prevent mortality.</p

Histological Pattern Of Testicular Biopsies In Nigerian Men (Undergoing Investigation for Infertility In Jos, Nigeria)

Objective: To identify structure changes in the testis association with infertility in men. Material and Method: One hundred and seventy-eight (178) biopsies from infertile men attending the infertility clinic in Jos. The specimens were sent to the Histopathology laboratory in bouine solutions. They were processed and stained with standard Haemtoxylin and Eosin stains. Insuficient tissue were excluded from the study. Results: Ninety-four (52.5%) had varied degree of hypospermatogenesis, forty (22.5%) had difuse tubular atrophy with hyalinization and twenty-six (14.6%) showed non-specific orchitis. Conclusion: The cause of infertility in men in our environment is largely attributable to infection which is due to sexually transmitted agents. Therefore, it is suggested that a decrease in sexually transmitted disease might improve or eliminate the causes of most cases of infertility. KEY WORDS: Testicular biopsy, Male, Infertility, Jos. Highland Medical Research Journal Vol.1(1) 2002: 7-

Pattern of oral cancers in the North Central zone of Nigeria

Objective: To document the pattern of oral cancers (ICD-O: C00-C06) diagnosed histologically at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos between January 1987 and December 2002. Methods: Information on socio-demographic characteristics of patients and details of cancer occurrence and management were retrieved from the files and histopathology records of patients seen at the hospitals. Results: A total of 54 cases of oral cancers were reported, with a M-F ratio of 2.4:1 and with childhood cancers constituting 5.7%. There was a higher occurrence of oral cancers in patients aged 40 years and below, relative to reported findings in developed countries (

Description of age, sex and site distribution of large bowel cancer in the middle belt of Nigeria

Aims/Objective: To determine the distribution of bowel cancer with special emphasis on age, sex and site. Methods: One hundred and sixty cases of histologically confirmed large bowel cancers at Jos University Teaching Hospital between January 1991 – December 2000 were reviewed. The records were collected from the registry of histopathology laboratory. Information regarding sex, age and site of cancers in the large bowel were extracted from referral forms and case notes. Results: the cancers occurred more commonly between the ages of 31 and 60 years. The site distribution showed that more men were affected than women. The rectum was the commonest site, which accounted for 56.9% followed by colon 32%, caecum 8% and anal canal 3%. The colonic cancers were more common in female than male, accounting for 56.9% and 43.1% respectively. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest histological type occurring in 90 percent of cases. None of the resected specimens could reveal a case of familial polyposis. Two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were recorded and one was in the youngest patient aged 10 years. There were histological evidence of schistosomiasis in two caecal and one rectal adenocarcinoma in this series. Conclusion: this stuffy showed that bowel cancers are not rare as previously believed. The patients also present at a younger age in our population. Routine screening for bowel cancer in all risk patients should be carried out regularly so as to detect cancer early. Key Words: Cancer, large bowel, middle belt, Nigeria Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research Vol.5(1&2) 2003: 80-8

Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma: A review of 35 Cases and Literature.

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A Ten - Year Review of Gynaecological Malignancies in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria (1990-1999)

A restrospective study of gynaecological malignant tumours was undertaken between January 1990 - December 1999 inclusive. It consisted of all gynecological specimens sent to histopathology laboratory in 10% formalin-saline solution. Those diagnosed as malignant tumours were retrieved from our records. A total of 2,673 malignant tumours were recorded out of which 386 were of gynaecological malignant tumours.Cancer of the cervix accounted for77.0% which were seen in advanced stages, followed by ovarian 11.0%, endometrial 6.5% and vulval cancers 4.1%. Cervical cancer was the predominant gynaecological cancer in this hospital. This high incidence may be attributed to a lack of awareness of the nature of the disease which may be responsible for the late presentation in the hospital. The number of cases of other gynaecological malignancies like ovarian and endometrial cancers have continued to rise in our hospital, and like cancer of the cervix, patients presented late. Sahel Med. J. Vol.6(2) 2003: 49-5

Descriptive pattern of Benign Salivary Gland Tumours in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos: A ten-year retrospective study.

Background Salivary gland tumours are common head and neck tumours which account for 2.8 to 10% of all head and neck tumours in most African studies and 8.0 to 10.5 % in most western literature. Benign salivary gland tumours are the commonest form of salivary gland neoplasm, with the ratio of benign to malignant tumours ranging from 1.2:1 to 2:1. Objectives: This study is aimed at describing the histological pattern, age, sex and site distribution of benign salivary gland tumours in Jos University Teaching Hospital from January 1997 to December 2006. Methods: This was a descriptive study of all histotogically confirmed benign salivary gland tumours over a period of ten years. The slides were reported independently by four pathologists. Diagnosis was made and classification done according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of salivary gland tumours. Data such as age, sex and site of distribution of these tumours were obtained from the patient's case files. Results: Results show that benign salivary gland tumours had a higher distribution than malignant salivary gland tumours with a ratio of 1.7:1. Of these benign salivary gland tumours, male predominance over females was generally observed. Benign salivary gland tumours occurred more within the age range 4 to 49 years (table 1), with pleomorphic Adenoma accounting for the highest frequency (115) and basal cell adenoma for the lowest frequency (1) [table 2]. Parotid gland was also the commonest site of occurrence of most of these lesions except for basal cell adenoma which was found in the sublingual gland