International standard on auditing 800 the auditor`s report on special purpose audit engagements

The purpose of this report is to show the main characteristics of the international standard on auditing 800. ISA 800 explains requirements by making a report on financial statements prepared in accordance with another comprehensive basis of accounting, on a component of financial statements, on compliance with contractual agreements or reports on summarized financial statements

Difference between DAS 28 and IAS 28

This study analyzes determinants and effects of differences between Domestic Accounting Standards (DAS) 28 and International Accounting Standards (IAS) 28. These standards govern accounting for investments in associates. There are significant differences in the application of both standards, which will be discussed in this report. investment, associates, significant, equity method, announcement, Financial Statement

Сравнителен теоретичен анализ на теориите от класическия подход и възможности за приложението им в съвременната бизнес практика

Теорията на управлението, както е добре известно, се развива, успоредно с развитието на стопанските отношения. Наред с това, в теорията на управлението има ясно обособени школи и направления, изразяващи собствено мнение, позиции и отношение на авторите – създатели на отделните школи. Едно от основните и най- характерните направления е класическия подход. Въпреки, че основните мнения и позиции на авторите от този подход са създадени преди повече от 120 години, следва да се посочи, че някои от съжденията им биха могли да се приложат в практиката и в момента. Цел на доклада е да направи сравнителен анализ на основните автори от тази теория и да посочи кои от определените от тях правила биха подпомогнали бизнес управлението в настоящето. Ключови думи: бизнес управление, класически подход, производителност, стопански отношения, теория на управление

Control and audit - tools for preventing economy frauds

Accounting as an information and control system performs several functions. Despite partial discussion on the composition and content of accounting functions, especially among them takes control. On the one hand, accounting controls the available assets of the organization, on the other hand - is used as a tool for providing information for external and internal control and audit. This is because digital data and information generated accounting is essential for recruitment of facts and evidence in the control activity. Key words: еconomic, fraud control, audit, accounting, business crimes

Determination of the Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Selected Aromatic Herbs

Aromatic plants used as culinary herbs contain phytochemicals with distinct properties affecting the population that utilizes them, yet there is still insufficient data on their bioactive profile. The present study investigated the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of five aromatic herbs: Allium schoenoprasum L. (ASPR), Allium ursinum L. (AUR), Anthriscus cerefolium L. Hoffm. (ACH), Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum (CAF) and Foeniculum vulgare Mill (FVH). Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined by Folin- Ciocalteu method and AlCl3 method. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was examined by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Non- site-specific-degradation (NSSOH) and Site-specific-deoxyribose-degradation (SSOH) assays. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated by Brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). Considerable variations were observed for TPC values from 65.03 to 253.74 mg GAE/g crude extract and TFC values from 8.02 to 49.58 mg QE/g crude extract. Highest quantity of total polyphenols and flavonoids was measured in CAF, which also demonstrated strong radical scavenging ability, reducing power and chelating activity. ACH showed lower amount of polyphenols and weak antioxidant activity. Obtained LC50 values by BSLA revealed strong cytotoxicity for CAF, moderate for FVH and ASPR, weak cytotoxicity for AUR, while ACH caused no toxic effects against the shrimps

External audit and relation between internal auditors, supervisory body and external auditors of the banking sector in the Republic of Macedonia

There are different types of audit, such as financial audit, regulatory audit, operational audit of performances, audit of information systems, environmental audit and others. But basically, we distinguish two types of audit which will be the main focus of attention in this work. External audit, an Internal audit. In most countries, the external auditor from the public sector reports to parliament and, where relevant, the private sector auditor reports to government (e.g. ministry of finance) and/or the public sector external auditor (the supreme audit institution). An efficient system of internal audit is an invaluable source of information for the management of the bank, its supervisors and the quality of the internal control system in that organization

External audit and relation between internal auditors, supervisory body and external auditors of the banking sector in the Republic of Macedonia

There are different types of audit, such as financial audit, regulatory audit, operational audit of performances, audit of information systems, environmental audit and others. But basically, we distinguish two types of audit which will be the main focus of attention in this work. External audit, an Internal audit. In most countries, the external auditor from the public sector reports to parliament and, where relevant, the private sector auditor reports to government (e.g. ministry of finance) and/or the public sector external auditor (the supreme audit institution). An efficient system of internal audit is an invaluable source of information for the management of the bank, its supervisors and the quality of the internal control system in that organization

Analaysis and observations from the rivision of the state budget of the Republic of Macedonia in the last 5 years

Abstract: The annual plan for financing the functions and the obligations of the Republic of Macedonia, the units of local government and the funds, and which consists of an annual appraisal of the revenues and the expenditures as purposed is called a basic budget. The budget is being prepared at an annual level, which means each next year a new one is prepared. In order to determine whether the budget has met some basic requirements, that is, whether it has been: efficient, effective, legal and purpose-used, consistent etc., each year the State Audit Office performs financial audit, success audit and audit of the regularity. After the performed audit, the conclusions of the conducted audit are sent to the Ministry of Finance, in written form, where they are explained in detail and, if necessary, appropriate recommendations are provided. From the performed audit, reports were prepared for: the system of internal controls in the procedure of the planning of the Budget of the Republic of Macedonia and the financial reports of the Budget of the Republic of Macedonia for the year preceding the year, subject to revision. If we make an analysis of the results of the conducted audits of the Budget of the Republic of Macedonia we could realize: whether the recommendations provided in the final report for the system of internal controls in the procedure of planning the budget of the Republic of Macedonia are conducted, whether there are controls that will ensure legality, completeness, accuracy and timeliness in the process of collecting the source revenues of the Budget of the Republic of Macedonia, whether the control procedures are functioning efficiently and properly, in relation to the prevention or the detection of errors in the process of the Budget execution, whether the financial report expresses the result of the financial activities truthfully and objectively, in accordance with the applied legislation. Key words: basic budget, economy, efficiency, effectiveness, purpose-use, State Audit Office, compliance audit, success audit, financial audit, recommendations, reports, results analysis, observations

Theory Keynes-modern exit from crisis-problems and solutions

In the current crisis, economists are looking not only new solutions, but attempts to return or rehabilitation of one or another theory to find an effective outcome. Thus, the last three years intellectual searches returned to a real force in the 20 century theory - the theory of Keynes. The question arises, however - if this theory is applicable in today's conditions? Key Words: unemployment, crisis, state interventio

Оптимизам или нереални очекувања и надежи за решавање на глобалните проблеми со кои се соочуваат Европа и светот

Новата стратегия на Европейския съюз, която трябва да замени Лисабонската в значителна степен е фокусирана върху проблемите, предизвикани през последните години от човешката дейност върху околната среда. Тя идентифицира конкретно формулирани цели и приоритети на европейското развитие и икономика, които да допринесат за намаляването на негативните влияния, които са и фактори за възникналите глобални проблеми пред света. От своя страна това обаче далеч не е първия опит да се обединят усилията на различни страни върху намаляването на тези проблеми. Ще съумее ли Европейския съюз да реализира избраните в стратегията насоки и ще доведе ли това до конкретни резултати е водещия въпрос. От своя страна именно реализма на тези цели или тяхното идентифицирана за поредния опит да се изведат едни нереалистични очаквания и надежди за решаването на глобалните проблеми, пред които са изправени Европа и света са опасения, които се проявяват предвид всички досегашни практики в тази насока