Influence of Chain Length of Alcohols on Stokes' Shift Dynamics in Catanionic Vesicles

In this paper, we explore the

Towards Intense THz Spectroscopy on Water: Characterization of Optical Rectification by GaP, OH1, and DSTMS at OPA Wavelengths

Water is the most prominent solvent. The unique properties of water are rooted in the dynamical hydrogen-bonded network. While TeraHertz (THz) radiation can probe directly the collective molecular network, several open issues remain about the interpretation of these highly anharmonic, coupled bands. In order to address this problem, we need intense THz radiation able to drive the liquid into the nonlinear response regime. Firstly, in this study, we summarize the available brilliant THz sources and compare their emission properties. Secondly, we characterize the THz emission by Gallium Phosphide (GaP), 2–{3–(4–hydroxystyryl)–5,5–dimethylcyclohex–2–enylidene}malononitrile (OH1), and 4–N,N–dimethylamino–4′–N′–methyl–stilbazolium 2,4,6–trimethylbenzenesulfonate (DSTMS) crystals pumped by an amplified near-infrared (NIR) laser with tunable wavelength. We found that both OH1 as well as DSTMS could convert NIR laser radiation between 1200 and 2500 nm into THz radiation with high efficiency (> 2 × 10−4), resulting in THz peak fields exceeding 0.1 MV/cm for modest pump excitation (~ mJ/cm2). DSTMS emits the broadest spectrum, covering the entire bandwidth of our detector from ca. 0.5 to ~7 THz, also at a laser wavelength of 2100 nm. Future improvements will require handling the photothermal damage of these delicate organic crystals, and increasing the THz frequency

How Does a Radio Frequency Identification Optimize the Profit in an Unreliable Supply Chain Management?

Competition in business is higher in the electronics sector compared to other sectors. In such a situation, the role of a manufacturer is to manage the inventory properly with optimized profit. However, the problem of unreliability within buyers still exists in real world scenarios. The manufacturer adopts the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to manage the inventory, which can control the unreliability, the inventory pooling effect, and the investment on human labor. For detecting RFID tags, a reasonable number of readers are needed. This study investigates the optimum distance between any two readers when using the optimum number of readers. As a vendor managed inventory (VMI) policy is utilized by the manufacturer, a revenue sharing contract is adopted to prevent the loss of buyers. The aim of this study is to maximize the profits of a two-echelon supply chain management under an advanced technology system. As the life of electronic gadgets is random, it may not follow any specific type of distribution function. The distribution-free approach helps to solve this issue when the mean and the standard deviation are known. The Kuhn-Tucker methodology and classical optimization are used to find the global optimum solution. The numerical analysis demonstrates that the manufacturer can earn more profit in coordination case after utilizing revenue sharing and the optimum distance between readers optimizing cost related to the RFID system. Sensitivity analysis is performed to check the sensibility of the parameters

Ultrafast vibrational dynamics of the DNA backbone at different hydration levels mapped by two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy

DNA oligomers are studied at 0% and 92% relative humidity, corresponding to N  20 water molecules per base pair. Two-dimensional (2D) infrared spectroscopy of DNA backbone modes between 920 and 1120 cm(-1) maps fluctuating interactions at the DNA surface. At both hydration levels, a frequency fluctuation correlation function with a 300 fs decay and a slow decay beyond 10 ps is derived from the 2D lineshapes. The fast component reflects motions of DNA helix, counterions, and water shell. Its higher amplitude at high hydration level reveals a significant contribution of water to the fluctuating forces. The slow component reflects disorder-induced inhomogeneous broadening

Controllable lead time, service level constraint, and transportation discounts in a continuous review inventory model

This paper studies two models based on the distribution of lead time demand. The first model assumes a normally distributed lead time demand and the second assumes that there is no specific distribution for lead time demand, but it is with known mean and standard deviation. The continuous-review inventory model is used for both cases. Transportation cost is dependent on the ordered quantity i.e., how much quantity buyer orders for delivery, based on that, a transportation discount is used to reduce the total cost. Service level constraint is included in this model to avoid backorder cost. Two efficient lemmas are established to obtain the optimum solution of the model. The expected value of additional information (EVAI) is calculated to show the excess amount needed for the distribution free case. Some numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the model

Ultrafast vibrational dynamics of the DNA backbone at different hydration levels mapped by two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy

DNA oligomers are studied at 0% and 92% relative humidity, corresponding to N < 2 and N > 20 water molecules per base pair. Two-dimensional (2D) infrared spectroscopy of DNA backbone modes between 920 and 1120 cm−1 maps fluctuating interactions at the DNA surface. At both hydration levels, a frequency fluctuation correlation function with a 300 fs decay and a slow decay beyond 10 ps is derived from the 2D lineshapes. The fast component reflects motions of DNA helix, counterions, and water shell. Its higher amplitude at high hydration level reveals a significant contribution of water to the fluctuating forces. The slow component reflects disorder-induced inhomogeneous broadening

Ultrafast vibrational dynamics of the DNA backbone at different hydration levels mapped by two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy

DNA oligomers are studied at 0% and 92% relative humidity, corresponding to N  20 water molecules per base pair. Two-dimensional (2D) infrared spectroscopy of DNA backbone modes between 920 and 1120 cm−1 maps fluctuating interactions at the DNA surface. At both hydration levels, a frequency fluctuation correlation function with a 300 fs decay and a slow decay beyond 10 ps is derived from the 2D lineshapes. The fast component reflects motions of DNA helix, counterions, and water shell. Its higher amplitude at high hydration level reveals a significant contribution of water to the fluctuating forces. The slow component reflects disorder-induced inhomogeneous broadening

Towards intense THz spectroscopy on water

Water is the most prominent solvent. The unique properties of water are rooted in the dynamical hydrogen-bonded network. While TeraHertz (THz) radiation can probe directly the collective molecular network, several open issues remain about the interpretation of these highly anharmonic, coupled bands. In order to address this problem, we need intense THz radiation able to drive the liquid into the nonlinear response regime. Firstly, in this study, we summarize the available brilliant THz sources and compare their emission properties. Secondly, we characterize the THz emission by Gallium Phosphide (GaP), 2–{3–(4–hydroxystyryl)–5,5–dimethylcyclohex–2–enylidene}malononitrile (OH1), and 4–N,N–dimethylamino–4'–N'–methyl–stilbazolium 2,4,6–trimethylbenzenesulfonate (DSTMS) crystals pumped by an amplified near-infrared (NIR) laser with tunable wavelength. We found that both OH1 as well as DSTMS could convert NIR laser radiation between 1200 and 2500 nm into THz radiation with high efficiency $(> 2 × 10^{−4})$, resulting in THz peak fields exceeding 0.1 MV/cm for modest pump excitation ($~ mJ/cm^{2}$). DSTMS emits the broadest spectrum, covering the entire bandwidth of our detector from ca. 0.5 to ~7 THz, also at a laser wavelength of 2100 nm. Future improvements will require handling the photothermal damage of these delicate organic crystals, and increasing the THz frequency

A joint inventory model with reliability, carbon emission, and inspection errors in a defective production system

Nowadays, environment is an important concern of industries parallel to the economy. In this direction, a joint vendor-buyer model is exhibited where the system reliability and inspection errors are discussed along with the carbon emission issue. The main goal of this model is to obtain the optimum investment, shipment size, reliability and lead time even the inspection errors present in the system. A reliability dependent unit production cost is utilized to raise the machinery system reliability. Transporta-tion of products use the single-setup-multi-unequal-delivery (SSMUD) policy to reduce carbon emission. Mathematical problem is solved analytically and a quasi-closed-form solution is found. Total cost is minimized with the optimum level of decision variables. Globality of the decisions is proved by Hessian matrix. Results demonstrate that the total cost is minimized even though the optimum solutions are obtained in quasi-closed-form. Numerical example is elaborated to test the validity of the model and to clarify the comparison among SSSD, SSMD, and SSMUD policies. ?? 2020 Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Belgrade. All rights reserved

Impact of safety factors and setup time reduction in a two-echelon supply chain management

A two-echelon supply chain model is formulated to reduce lead time and setup time to obtain their impacts on the expected total cost when lead time demand is stochastic in nature. Two different safety factors are utilized to avoid shortages even though the system contains backorder. The lead time is lot size dependent and consists of production time as well as setup time. It does not follow any particular distribution as only mean and standard deviation are known to us. A distribution free approach is used here to handle this situation. Quality improvement and safety factor are related issues to make an impact in the model as they are directly related to the customer satisfaction. The unit production cost is variable and dependent on production rate. An analytical procedure is derived to investigate the effects of reducing lead time, setup time crashing cost, and transportation crashing cost. Some numerical examples are illustrated to test the model. Sensitivity analysis and managerial insights are given to show the applicability of the model