A Wish for More Archers: Archers at the Battle of Agincourt, 1415

A knight expressed the desire to his king that he would add to their small army ten thousand of the best archers in England. This thesis utilizes archaeology evidence, financial records, iconographic depictions, literary and chronicle sources to understand the men who fought at the battle of Agincourt within the larger context and traditions of archery in England, the interconnections between archers and men-at-arms and the particular actions of those men in the battle itself

‘A most lowering thing for a lady’: aspiring to respectable whiteness on Ramahyuck Mission, 1885–1900

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Unmanned and uncontrolled: The commingling theory and the legality of unmanned aircraft system operations

In 2002 Australia became the first nation to promulgate certification standards for the commercial use of drones or unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Since that time the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) has played a key role both domestically and internationally through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in assisting to develop technical guidance materials that will enable contracting states to develop UAS regulations. An arduous component of this task is the fact that all existing aircraft are capable of being unmanned. Moreover, given the unbounded nature of aircraft operations, UAS regulations necessarily require international harmonisation. But the objective of developing universal UAS standards is still far from being finalised while the accelerating pace of UAS technological development continues to challenge traditional regulatory regimes and legal systems throughout the world. This paper considers the broader legal issues associated with civilian UAS operations and their integration into unsegregated civilian airspace. The Australian UAS regulatory experience is examined with some unique constitutional limitations identified in relation to the application of the so-called ‘commingling theory’. It is contended that such limitations may render void existing UAS regulation in certain situations – many of which are related to the operation of small UAS and may have significant privacy implications. In particular this paper finds that the regulations purporting to control the operation of systems that are not capable of commingling with aircraft operating within navigable airspace are ultra vires and hence of no legal effect. In concluding this paper strongly asserts that if the commercial benefits attendant to UAS operations is to be fully realised then their risks to society must be controlled through domestic legislation that is harmonised and consistent with internationally agreed guidelines

Examining teacher responses to a professional learning program addressing learning disabilities

Mutations in PCBD1 are causative for transient neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia and primapterinuria (HPABH4D). Until now, HPABH4D has been regarded as a transient and benign neonatal syndrome without complications in adulthood. In our study of three adult patients with homozygous mutations in the PCBD1 gene, two patients were diagnosed with hypomagnesemia and renal Mg(2+) loss, and two patients developed diabetes with characteristics of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), regardless of serum Mg(2+) levels. Our results suggest that these clinical findings are related to the function of PCBD1 as a dimerization cofactor for the transcription factor HNF1B. Mutations in the HNF1B gene have been shown to cause renal malformations, hypomagnesemia, and MODY. Gene expression studies combined with immunohistochemical analysis in the kidney showed that Pcbd1 is expressed in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), where Pcbd1 transcript levels are upregulated by a low Mg(2+)-containing diet. Overexpression in a human kidney cell line showed that wild-type PCBD1 binds HNF1B to costimulate the FXYD2 promoter, the activity of which is instrumental in Mg(2+) reabsorption in the DCT. Of seven PCBD1 mutations previously reported in HPABH4D patients, five mutations caused proteolytic instability, leading to reduced FXYD2 promoter activity. Furthermore, cytosolic localization of PCBD1 increased when coexpressed with HNF1B mutants. Overall, our findings establish PCBD1 as a coactivator of the HNF1B-mediated transcription necessary for fine tuning FXYD2 transcription in the DCT and suggest that patients with HPABH4D should be monitored for previously unrecognized late complications, such as hypomagnesemia and MODY diabetes

Depictions of Thailand in Australian and Thai writings:Reflections of the Self and Other

This thesis offers both an examination of the depiction of Thailand in Australian novels, short stories and poems written in the 1980s and after, and an analysis of modern Thai novels and short stories that reflect similar themes to those covered in the Australian literature. One Australian film is also examined as the film provides an important framework for the analysis of some of the short stories and novels under consideration. The thesis establishes a dialogue between Thai and Australian literatures and demonstrates that the comparison of Australian representations of Thailand with Thai representations challenges constructively certain dominant political and social ideologies that enhance conservatism and the status quo in Thailand. The author acknowledges that the discussion of the representations of Thailand in contemporary Australian novels and short stories needs to take into account the colonial legacy and the discourse of Orientalism that tends to posit the ‘East’ as the ‘West’’s ‘Other’. Textual analysis is thus informed by post-colonial and cross-cultural theories, starting from Edward Said’s powerful and controversial critique of Western representation of the East in Orientalism. The first part of the thesis examines Australian crime stories and shows how certain Orientalist images and perceptions persist and help reinforce the image of the East and its people as the antithesis of the West. From Chapters Three through Six, however, more literary works by Australian authors are examined. The important finding is that most of the Australian authors under consideration attempt, though not always successfully, to resist and challenge the Eurocentric stereotypes of Asia and Asians that dominated Australian literature in earlier periods. This difference between contemporary Australian authors and their predecessors seems to reflect modern Australia’s endeavor to distinguish itself from the rest of the Western world and to redefine its relationship with Asia. As literary representations cannot be separated from socio-political contexts, the thesis also includes discussion of the Thai social and political history and, where appropriate, shows how colonialism and neo-colonialism exert their impact on modern Thailand

Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) knockout mice show mild hypomagnesaemia and developmental defects

Patients with mutations in Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) suffer from hypomagnesaemia, seizures, and intellectual disability. Although the molecular function of CNNM2 is under debate, the protein is considered essential for renal Mg(2+) reabsorption. Here, we used a Cnnm2 knock out mouse model, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, to assess the role of CNNM2 in Mg(2+) homeostasis. Breeding Cnnm2(+/-) mice resulted in a Mendelian distribution at embryonic day 18. Nevertheless, only four Cnnm2(-/-) pups were born alive. The Cnnm2(-/-) pups had a significantly lower serum Mg(2+) concentration compared to wildtype littermates. Subsequently, adult Cnnm2(+/-) mice were fed with low, control, or high Mg(2+) diets for two weeks. Adult Cnnm2(+/-) mice showed mild hypomagnesaemia compared to Cnnm2(+/+) mice and increased serum Ca(2+) levels, independent of dietary Mg(2+) intake. Faecal analysis displayed increased Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) excretion in the Cnnm2(+/-) mice. Transcriptional profiling of Trpm6, Trpm7, and Slc41a1 in kidneys and colon did not reveal effects based on genotype. Microcomputed tomography analysis of the femurs demonstrated equal bone morphology and density. In conclusion, CNNM2 is vital for embryonic development and Mg(2+) homeostasis. Our data suggest a previously undescribed role of CNNM2 in the intestine, which may contribute to the Mg(2+) deficiency in mice and patients

Lifelong challenge of calcium homeostasis in male mice lacking TRPV5 leads to changes in bone and calcium metabolism

Trpv5 plays an important role in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, among others by mediating renal calcium reabsorption. Accordingly, Trpv5 deficiency strongly stresses Ca2+ homeostasis in order to maintain stable serum Ca2+. We addressed the impact of lifelong challenge of calcium homeostasis on the bone phenotype of these mice. Aging signifi

Het fysiologisch tijdperk

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Is vitamin D indispensable for Ca2+ homeostasis: lessons from knockout mouse models?

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Epithelial Ca2+ and Mg2+ channels in health and disease.

Contains fulltext : 29891.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access