3 research outputs found
Activation et intégration multimodales en mémoire à long terme
L objectif de cette thèse est d apporter des arguments en faveur du modèle de la mémoire proposé par Versace, Nevers et Padovan (2002). Selon ce modèle, les connaissances ne sont pas des abstractions stockées en mémoire sémantique mais le résultat de la réactivation de traces épisodiques, multidimensionnelles et distribuées, reflétant les différents composants sensori-moteurs des expériences passées de l individu. Cette conception suppose que la présentation d un stimulus visuel représentant un objet active automatiquement les différentes propriétés sensorielles et motrices qui lui sont associées. Les trois séries d expériences réalisées dans le cadre de cette thèse ont respectivement utilisé un paradigme d amorçage à court terme intersensoriel (auditif-visuel), un paradigme d amorçage à court terme sensori-moteur et enfin un paradigme d amorçage intersensoriel à long terme. Toutes ces expériences ont permis de démontrer l existence des deux mécanismes fondamentaux du modèle étudié : l activation des dimensions sensorielles et motrices des connaissances et l intégration de ces dimensions élémentaires afin qu émerge une connaissance élaborée.The aim of this work was to give arguments in favour of an multiple traces memory model (Versace, Nevers, & Padovan, 2002), in which memory traces are supposed to be distributed over multiple dimensions. According to this model, the descriptive dimensions of knowledge are assumed to be mainly sensorial, motor et emotionnal. Therefore, representation are supposed to be records of the neural states that underlie perception and action. This conception supposes that the presentation of a visual stimulus representing an object activates automatically the various sensory and motor properties which are associated with him.Three series of experiments realized within the framework of this thesis respectively used a short term inter-sensorial (autidory-visual) priming paradigm, a short term sensori-motor priming paradigm and finally a long term inter-sensorial priming paradigm. All these experiments allowed to demonstrate the existence of both fundamental mechanisms of the studied model: the activation of the sensory and motor dimensions of the knowledge and the integration of these elementary dimensions so that appears an elaborated knowledge.LYON2/BRON-BU (690292101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Sputum versus nasopharyngeal samples for the molecular diagnosis of respiratory viral infection in cystic fibrosis: A pilot study
International audienceViruses are important agents in lung function deterioration in Cystic Fibrosis (CF). To date, no standard operating procedures (SOPs) have been established to determine which sampling method is the most effective for an optimal virological diagnosis of respiratory viral infections in CF. Here we investigated the performances of two sampling sites, sputum samples versus nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, for thirty participants from three CF centres presenting an acute respiratory infection. Sputum and NP samples were simultaneously collected and multiplex PCR targeting 16 to 18 viruses were performed. Viruses were detected for 18/30 patients (60%). A high concordance between the sputum and NP samples was observed in 25 (83%) paired samples of which 13 tested positive and 12 tested negative. These results highlighted the relevance of sputum sampling for diagnostic of respiratory viruses in CF, which is less invasive and better accepted by CF patients than NP, and allows accurate bacterial detection