Thermal shot noise in top-gated single carbon nanotube field effect transistors

The high-frequency transconductance and current noise of top-gated single carbon nanotube transistors have been measured and used to investigate hot electron effects in one-dimensional transistors. Results are in good agreement with a theory of 1-dimensional nano-transistor. In particular the prediction of a large transconductance correction to the Johnson-Nyquist thermal noise formula is confirmed experimentally. Experiment shows that nanotube transistors can be used as fast charge detectors for quantum coherent electronics with a resolution of $13\mathrm{\mu e/\sqrt{Hz}}$ in the 0.2-$0.8 \mathrm{GHz}$ band.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure

Separation of neutral and charge modes in one dimensional chiral edge channels

Coulomb interactions have a major role in one-dimensional electronic transport. They modify the nature of the elementary excitations from Landau quasiparticles in higher dimensions to collective excitations in one dimension. Here we report the direct observation of the collective neutral and charge modes of the two chiral co-propagating edge channels of opposite spins of the quantum Hall effect at filling factor 2. Generating a charge density wave at frequency f in the outer channel, we measure the current induced by inter-channel Coulomb interaction in the inner channel after a 3-mm propagation length. Varying the driving frequency from 0.7 to 11 GHz, we observe damped oscillations in the induced current that result from the phase shift between the fast charge and slow neutral eigenmodes. We measure the dispersion relation and dissipation of the neutral mode from which we deduce quantitative information on the interaction range and parameters.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure

Shot noise in carbon nanotube based Fabry-Perot interferometers

We report on shot noise measurements in carbon nanotube based Fabry-Perot electronic interferometers. As a consequence of quantum interferences, the noise power spectral density oscillates as a function of the voltage applied to the gate electrode. The quantum shot noise theory accounts for the data quantitatively. It allows to confirm the existence of two nearly degenerate orbitals. At resonance, the transmission of the nanotube approaches unity, and the nanotube becomes noiseless, as observed in quantum point contacts. In this weak backscattering regime, the dependence of the noise on the backscattering current is found weaker than expected, pointing either to electron-electron interactions or to weak decoherence

Geometrical Dependence of High-Bias Current in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

We have studied the high-bias transport properties of the different shells that constitute a multiwalled carbon nanotube. The current is shown to be reduced as the shell diameter is decreased or the length is increased. We assign this geometrical dependence to the competition between electron-phonon scattering process and Zener tunneling.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Conserved spin and orbital phase along carbon nanotubes connected with multiple ferromagnetic contacts

We report on spin dependent transport measurements in carbon nanotubes based multi-terminal circuits. We observe a gate-controlled spin signal in non-local voltages and an anomalous conductance spin signal, which reveal that both the spin and the orbital phase can be conserved along carbon nanotubes with multiple ferromagnetic contacts. This paves the way for spintronics devices exploiting both these quantum mechanical degrees of freedom on the same footing.Comment: 8 pages - minor differences with published versio

Electron quantum optics : partitioning electrons one by one

We have realized a quantum optics like Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) experiment by partitioning, on an electronic beam-splitter, single elementary electronic excitations produced one by one by an on-demand emitter. We show that the measurement of the output currents correlations in the HBT geometry provides a direct counting, at the single charge level, of the elementary excitations (electron/hole pairs) generated by the emitter at each cycle. We observe the antibunching of low energy excitations emitted by the source with thermal excitations of the Fermi sea already present in the input leads of the splitter, which suppresses their contribution to the partition noise. This effect is used to probe the energy distribution of the emitted wave-packets.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Considerações para o monitoramento do uso do solo com dados MODIS para longos períodos e em escala regional, e sua aplicação na bacia do Alto Taquari, MS/MT.

Este artigo discute uma metodologia para a classificação sistemática do uso e cobertura do solo em escala regional e para períodos extensos de tempo. O cerne desta metodologia está baseado no trabalho descrito em JONATHAN et al. (2005, 2006) e se fundamenta na análise de dados multitemporais provenientes do sensor MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), o qual se encontra a bordo dos satélites Terra e Aqua da NASA e apresenta propriedades de alta frequência temporal, extensa cobertura, e baixíssimo custo para aquisição de dados. Neste trabalho, realizou-se uma avaliação dos maiores potenciais e possíveis impedimentos da aplicação desta metodologia para o monitoramento plurianual do uso e cobertura do solo, concluindo-se ser de fato viável monitorar grandes regiões por longos períodos de tempo com baixo custo e altos níveis de automação. Neste sentido, tomou-se como área de estudos a Bacia do Alto Taquari, localizada nos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e Mato Grosso, de forma a se enfatizar a relevância da aplicação desta abordagem para a detecção e quantificação de fenômenos como o desflorestamento e a dinâmica agrícola, que são por sua vez essenciais para o melhor entendimento dos principais processos de degradação relacionados ao ecossistema do Pantanal

Regional scale land use/land cover classification using temporal series of MODIS data.

This paper describes a methodology for systematic land use/land cover classification on a regional scale, with emphasis on a low cost and highly automatized approach. This methodology is based on multitemporal analyses of surface reflectance data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which is located on board NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites and features high temporal frequency, extensive coverage, and extremely low costs for data acquisition. A sequence of automatized procedures were developed for MODIS data pre-processing, as well as for the training and execution of a supervised classification algorithm, where temporal profiles are fitted to smooth polynomial curves and intelligent curve features are then computed in order to reduce data dimensionality and improve profile interpretability, thus providing a more robust classification approach. A case study was performed in the High Taquari Basin, in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso, Brazil, which showed that the method was indeed capable of generalizing well over the entire region of study (over 25,000km2), effectively discriminating between areas of agriculture, pasture, and savannah. The methodology was also seen to be quite successful in identifying areas of deforestation, which is of particular interest for the monitoring of land use and land use change in the region