19,157 research outputs found
Polarization fields in nitride nanostructures: ten points to think about
Macroscopic polarization, both of intrinsic and piezoelectric nature, is
unusually strong in III-V nitrides, and the built in electric fields in the
layers of nitride-based nanostructures, stemming from polarization changes at
heterointerfaces, have a major impact on the properties of single and multiple
quantum wells, high mobility transistors, and thin films. The concepts involved
in the theory and applications of polarization in nitrides have encountered
some resistance in the field. Here we discuss critically ten ``propositions''
aimed at clarifying the main controversial issues.Comment: RevTeX 5 pages, 2 embedded figure
Dynamical neutrino masses in the generalized Chaplygin gas scenario with mass varying CDM
Neutrinos coupled to an underlying scalar field in the scenario for
unification of mass varying dark matter and cosmon-{\em like} dark energy is
examined. In the presence of a tiny component of mass varying neutrinos, the
conditions for the present cosmic acceleration and for the stability issue are
reproduced. It is assumed that {\em sterile} neutrinos behave like mass varying
dark matter coupled to mass varying {\em active} neutrinos through the {\em
seesaw} mechanism, in a kind of {\em mixed} dark matter sector. The crucial
point is that the dark matter mass may also exhibit a dynamical behavior driven
by the scalar field. The scalar field mediates the nontrivial coupling between
the mixed dark matter and the dark energy responsible for the accelerated
expansion of the universe. The equation of state of perturbations reproduce the
generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) cosmology so that all the effective results
from the GCG paradigm are maintained, being perturbatively modified by
neutrinos.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figure
Measurement of the Atmospheric Muon Neutrinos with the MACRO Detector
The flux of muons induced by atmospheric neutrinos has been measured with the
MACRO detector. Different event topologies have been detected, due to neutrino
interactions in the apparatus and in the rock below it. The upward-throughgoing
muon sample is the larger one and is generated by neutrinos with a peak energy
of ~100 GeV. The observed upward-throughgoing muons are 26 % fewer than
expected and the zenith angle distribution does not fit with the expected one.
Assuming \mutau neutrino oscillation, the angular shape and the normalization
factor suggest maximal mixing and \Delta m^2 of a few times 10^{-3} eV^2. Also
the other event categories induced by low-energy neutrinos (peak energy ~ 4
GeV) show a deficit of observed events. The value of this deficit and its
uniformity with respect to the angular bins are in agreement with the
oscillation parameters suggested by the analysis of the upward-throughgoing
muon sample.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, Proceedings of La Thuile Conferenc
Relativistic tunneling and accelerated transmission
We obtain the solutions for the tunneling zone of a one-dimensional
electrostatic potential in the relativistic (Dirac to Klein-Gordon) wave
equation regime when the incoming wave packet exhibits the possibility of being
almost totally transmitted through the potential barrier. The conditions for
the occurrence of accelerated and, eventually, superluminal tunneling
transmission probabilities are all quantified and the problematic superluminal
interpretation originated from the study based on non-relativistic dynamics of
tunneling is overcome. The treatment of the problem suggests revealing insights
into condensed-matter experiments using electrostatic barriers in single- and
bi-layer graphene, for which the accelerated tunneling effect deserves a more
careful investigation.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur
Delay time computation for relativistic tunneling particles
We study the tunneling zone solutions of a one-dimensional electrostatic
potential for the relativistic (Dirac to Klein-Gordon) wave equation when the
incoming wave packet exhibits the possibility of being almost totally
transmitted through the barrier. The transmission probabilities, the phase
times and the dwell times for the proposed relativistic dynamics are obtained
and the conditions for the occurrence of accelerated tunneling transmission are
all quantified. We show that, in some limiting cases, the analytical
difficulties that arise when the stationary phase method is employed for
obtaining phase (traversal) tunneling times are all overcome. Lessons
concerning the phenomenology of the relativistic tunneling suggest revealing
insights into condensed-matter experiments using electrostatic barriers for
which the accelerated tunneling effect can be observed.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
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