Spatially heterogeneous ages in glassy dynamics

We construct a framework for the study of fluctuations in the nonequilibrium relaxation of glassy systems with and without quenched disorder. We study two types of two-time local correlators with the aim of characterizing the heterogeneous evolution: in one case we average the local correlators over histories of the thermal noise, in the other case we simply coarse-grain the local correlators. We explain why the former describe the fingerprint of quenched disorder when it exists, while the latter are linked to noise-induced mesoscopic fluctuations. We predict constraints on the pdfs of the fluctuations of the coarse-grained quantities. We show that locally defined correlations and responses are connected by a generalized local out-of-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relation. We argue that large-size heterogeneities in the age of the system survive in the long-time limit. The invariance of the theory under reparametrizations of time underlies these results. We relate the pdfs of local coarse-grained quantities and the theory of dynamic random manifolds. We define a two-time dependent correlation length from the spatial decay of the fluctuations in the two-time local functions. We present numerical tests performed on disordered spin models in finite and infinite dimensions. Finally, we explain how these ideas can be applied to the analysis of the dynamics of other glassy systems that can be either spin models without disorder or atomic and molecular glassy systems.Comment: 47 pages, 60 Fig

Características de amostras de staphylococcus hyicus isoladas de animais doentes e sadios

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Características de amostras de staphylococcus hyicus isoladas de animais doentes e sadios

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Sperm motility and acrossomal integrity in liquid boar semen dosis inoculated with Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus

Foram utilizados 12 ejaculados, coletados de maneira asséptica, distribuídos em sete tratamentos, sendo um grupo controle e os demais inoculados com três diferentes concentrações de S. aureus ou E. coli (5 x 105, 5 x 106 e 5 x 107 UFC/ml). Durante 96 horas, foram avaliados a motilidade espermática, o percentual de acrossomas intactos (NAR), o pH e o número de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC/ml) das bactérias inoculadas. O desenvolvimento bacteriano foi decrescente ao longo das 96 horas de armazenamento. Com exceção do tratamento com a inoculação de 5 x 107 UFC de E. coli/ml, não foi observado efeito significativo das bactérias sobre a motilidade espermática (p>0,05). Da mesma forma, não houve efeito significativo (p>0,05) do S. aureus ou da E. coli sobre o percentual de NAR e pH nas 96 horas. Quando comparado ao controle, somente a inoculação de 5 x 107 UFC/ml de E. coli diferiu, às 96 horas, em relação ao percentual de NAR (p£0,05). Não foi observada correlação entre as variáveis motilidade, NAR, pH e UFC.Twelve ejaculates were collected in the most aseptic manner and distributed in seven treatments (control group T1). Semen were inoculated with S. aureus (T2, T3 e T4) or E. coli (T5, T6 e T7) in three concentrations (5 x 105, 5 x 106 and 5 x 107 CFU/ml). The sperm motility, the percentage of normal apical range (NAR), the pH and the number of colony unit former (CFU/ml) of bacteria, for 96 hours, were evaluated. The bacterial development was decreasing during the first 96 hours. Except for the treatment with the inoculation of 5 x 107 CFU of E. coli/ml, there was no significant effect of the bacteria on the sperm motility (p>0.05). Also, there was no significant effect (p>0.05) of the S. aureus or E. coli on the percent of NAR and the pH during the 96 hours. When compared to the control group, only the inoculation of 5 x 107 CFU/ml of E. coli differed at the 96 hours in relation to the percentage of NAR (p<0.05). There was no correlation among the sperm motility, NAR, pH and CFU

Sperm motility and acrossomal integrity in liquid boar semen dosis inoculated with Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus

Foram utilizados 12 ejaculados, coletados de maneira asséptica, distribuídos em sete tratamentos, sendo um grupo controle e os demais inoculados com três diferentes concentrações de S. aureus ou E. coli (5 x 105, 5 x 106 e 5 x 107 UFC/ml). Durante 96 horas, foram avaliados a motilidade espermática, o percentual de acrossomas intactos (NAR), o pH e o número de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC/ml) das bactérias inoculadas. O desenvolvimento bacteriano foi decrescente ao longo das 96 horas de armazenamento. Com exceção do tratamento com a inoculação de 5 x 107 UFC de E. coli/ml, não foi observado efeito significativo das bactérias sobre a motilidade espermática (p>0,05). Da mesma forma, não houve efeito significativo (p>0,05) do S. aureus ou da E. coli sobre o percentual de NAR e pH nas 96 horas. Quando comparado ao controle, somente a inoculação de 5 x 107 UFC/ml de E. coli diferiu, às 96 horas, em relação ao percentual de NAR (p£0,05). Não foi observada correlação entre as variáveis motilidade, NAR, pH e UFC.Twelve ejaculates were collected in the most aseptic manner and distributed in seven treatments (control group T1). Semen were inoculated with S. aureus (T2, T3 e T4) or E. coli (T5, T6 e T7) in three concentrations (5 x 105, 5 x 106 and 5 x 107 CFU/ml). The sperm motility, the percentage of normal apical range (NAR), the pH and the number of colony unit former (CFU/ml) of bacteria, for 96 hours, were evaluated. The bacterial development was decreasing during the first 96 hours. Except for the treatment with the inoculation of 5 x 107 CFU of E. coli/ml, there was no significant effect of the bacteria on the sperm motility (p>0.05). Also, there was no significant effect (p>0.05) of the S. aureus or E. coli on the percent of NAR and the pH during the 96 hours. When compared to the control group, only the inoculation of 5 x 107 CFU/ml of E. coli differed at the 96 hours in relation to the percentage of NAR (p<0.05). There was no correlation among the sperm motility, NAR, pH and CFU

Desempenho reprodutivo de fêmeas suínas submetidas à inseminação artificial intra-uterina ou à tradicional Reproductive performance of sows submitted to intrauterine or tradicional artificial insemination

Foram utilizadas 298 fêmeas pluríparas Camborough 22® distribuídas em dois tratamentos: T1 (n=154), inseminação intra-uterina (IAU) com dose inseminante (DI) contendo 0,5 bilhão de espermatozóides em volume total de 20ml; e T2 (n=144), inseminação tradicional (IAT), com DI contendo 3,0 bilhões de espermatozóides em volume total de 90ml. Foi possível a realização da IAU em 98,1% das fêmeas. A presença de sangue na extremidade do cateter ou espiral da pipeta de IAU foi observada em 8,4% das fêmeas. As taxas de prenhez (TPr) e de parto ajustada não diferiram (P>0,05) entre a IAU e IAT. O tamanho da leitegada (TL) diferiu entre os tratamentos (P<0,05), sendo observada redução de 0,8 leitão na IAU. A presença de sangue na IAU não afetou a TPr significativamente, mas reduziu o TL em 2,6 leitões.<br>A total of 298 Camborough 22® sows was distributed in two treatments: T1 (n=154): intrauterine insemination (IUI) with 0.5 billion sperms in 20ml total volume; T2 (n=144): traditional insemination (TAI) with 3.0 billion sperms in 90ml total volume. It was possible to perform the IUI in 98.1% of sows. It was observed presence of blood on the catheter tip or pipete in 8.4% of IUI sows. The pregnancy (PR) and adjusted farrowing rates did not differ (P>0.05) among treatments. Litter size (LS) differ among treatments (P<0.05), being observed a reduction of 0.8 piglet in IUI. The blood presence in the IUI did not affect the PR significantly, but resulted in a reduction of 2.6 piglets per litter