Whole-body tissue stabilization and selective extractions via tissue-hydrogel hybrids for high-resolution intact circuit mapping and phenotyping

To facilitate fine-scale phenotyping of whole specimens, we describe here a set of tissue fixation-embedding, detergent-clearing and staining protocols that can be used to transform excised organs and whole organisms into optically transparent samples within 1–2 weeks without compromising their cellular architecture or endogenous fluorescence. PACT (passive CLARITY technique) and PARS (perfusion-assisted agent release in situ) use tissue-hydrogel hybrids to stabilize tissue biomolecules during selective lipid extraction, resulting in enhanced clearing efficiency and sample integrity. Furthermore, the macromolecule permeability of PACT- and PARS-processed tissue hybrids supports the diffusion of immunolabels throughout intact tissue, whereas RIMS (refractive index matching solution) grants high-resolution imaging at depth by further reducing light scattering in cleared and uncleared samples alike. These methods are adaptable to difficult-to-image tissues, such as bone (PACT-deCAL), and to magnified single-cell visualization (ePACT). Together, these protocols and solutions enable phenotyping of subcellular components and tracing cellular connectivity in intact biological networks

Justification and critique in the credit rating system: Reaffirming the power of agencies

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10. Nouvelles formes d’entrepreneuriat et organisation : le « bon esprit » du capitalisme

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L’APPORT DE LA SOCIOLOGIE PRAGMATIQUE FRANÇAISE AUX ÉTUDES CRITIQUES EN MANAGEMENT

French pragmatic sociology (PS), inspired by the work of Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot, is being increasingly used by organizational management studies. However, the critical dimension of this approach has not yet been integrated for the benefit of knowledge in management and organizations (MOK). In this article, we elaborate on the contribution that PS can represent for critical management studies (CMS). As a ‘science of the players’ science’ [science de la science des acteurs], we suggest that PS is fertile for the development of a critical performativity. In particular, we demonstrate that the approach allows shedding light on the new and more complex forms of domination exerted in contemporary organizations. Using empirical studies of organizations employing PS, we demonstrate how the concepts of compromise and test developed by this approach offer tools that allow renewing the critique of organizations for the benefit of MOK

The more things change... Institutional maintenance as justification work in the credit rating industry

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L'apport de la sociologie pragmatique française aux études critiques en management

International audienceLa sociologie pragmatique française (SP), inspirée des travaux de Luc Boltanski et Laurent Thévenot, est de plus en plus utilisée par les études organisationnelles en management. Pourtant, la dimension critique de cette approche n'a pas encore été intégrée au profit de la connaissance en management et organisations (MOK). Dans cet article, nous explicitons l'apport que cette sociologie peut représenter pour les études critiques en management (CMS). En tant que science de la science des acteurs, nous suggérons que la SP est fertile pour développer une approche de performativité critique. En particulier, nous démontrons que l'approche permet de mettre en lumière les nouvelles formes de domination plus complexes s'exerçant dans les organisations contemporaines. En utilisant des études empiriques d'organisations mobilisant la SP, nous montrons comment les concepts de compromis et d'épreuve développés par cette approche présentent un outillage permettant de renouveler la critique des organisations au profit de la MOK

The role of nonhuman entities in institutional work: the case of the ocean in a surfing-centered local economy

International audienceThis article examines the role played by a nonhuman entity, the Atlantic Ocean, in institutional work. It uses the results of an in-depth case study concerning the local economy of a surfing-focused seaside town in the southwest of France, where relations with the ocean have been modified by institutional work facilitated by extreme coastal erosion during winter storms in 2013-2014. This work, performed by the actors of the local economy-which include the ocean-aims to change the institutions of surfing, and local planning in a coastal town, by acting to influence the relation between this local economy and the ocean. The study involves a qualitative analysis of 32 interviews with stakeholders in the local surfing industry to identify the role played by a nonhuman entity in deliberate action to influence institutions. Mobilization of the theoretical framework of the anthropologist Philippe Descola concerning the types of relations between humans and nonhumans leads to 1) the suggestion that the nonhuman agency of natural elements should be included in consideration of institutional work, and 2) a reconsideration of the relational influence of the material dimension in organization and management theory