Recuperação De Sesquiterpenos Do óleo-resina De Copaíba A Partir Da Destilação Molecular

Copaiba oil-resin has aromatic characteristics and pharmacological activities attributed to sesquiterpenes compounds. These purified compounds present application in perfume, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Therefore, the objective of this work was to use molecular distillation to recover and purify sesquiterpenes of the copaiba oil-resin with purity high. The parameters evaporator temperature (TEV) from 45 to 100 °C and feed flow rate (Q) between 15 and 30 ml min-1 were evaluated through design of experiments (22 with center points). The results showed that it was possible to recover sesquiterpenes with 98.12% purity in the distillate stream. Increased in TEV and reduction in Q were the effects observed experimentally and through the response surface. The best experimental condition was TEV of 100 °C and Q of 15 mL min-1. Collor differences were noticed between distillate streams (colorless) and residue (brown). These can be used as parameters for separation of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. The molecular distillation proved to be an efficient processo to both recovery and purification of sesquiterpenes from the copaiba oil-resin.39779580

Co-dried fish waste silage meal and rice bran: a viable alternative.

Silages of fish wastes from castanha (Umbrina canosai) and pescada (Cynoscion guatacupa) were made with acid addition (acetic or vinegar) and rice bran as drying agent. The silage preparation consisted of the grinding waste, acidification, daily homogenization for five days and monitoring the pH. After 15 days, the silages were centrifuged, dried in stove and ground. A 23 factorial design was employed, in which the studied factors and levels were: fish species, acid agent and the presence of rice bran during the drying process. The lipids content weren"t significantly different, however, the addition of rice bran reduced considerably the ash content and shorted the drying time, indicating improvement of the process. It was verified that the concentration of acid and the fish species didn"t interfere in the product.Objetivou-se caracterizar a silagem de resíduo de castanha (Umbrina canosai) e de pescada (Cynoscion guatacupa) com adição de ácido acético e vinagre comercial, bem como o efeito da adição de farelo de arroz (FA) no processo de secagem. O preparo da silagem consistiu na moagem do resíduo, acidificação, homogeneização durante 5 dias e acompanhamento do pH. Após 15 dias, as silagens foram centrifugadas, as frações sólidas obtidas foram secas em estufa, e moídas. Utilizou-se um planejamento experimental fatorial 23 cujas variáveis e níveis foram: tipo de peixe, agente acidificante e coadjuvante de secagem (presença e ausência de FA). Observou-se que os lipídios das farinhas não apresentaram diferenças significativas, porém, a adição de FA diminuiu o teor de cinzas e proteínas, além do tempo de secagem, indicando melhoria do processo. A concentração do ácido não interferiu no produto obtido, assim como a espécie de peixe

Neutralization Of Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate For Vitamin Supplement Production

Soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD), a byproduct of the soybean oil refining process, is a complex mixture of compounds, such as free fatty acids (FFA), hydrocarbons, and sterols, such as tocopherols, a class of major natural antioxidants with vitamin E activity. As the utilization of SODD for tocopherol extraction is shown to be not economically viable, SODD in the semirefined form (neutral) is an interesting alternative to animal and possibly human diet enrichment. This study aimed to evaluate the SODD neutralization process varying the alkali (Na2CO3) concentration, temperature, and homogenization time. The optimal conditions for the neutralizing process, in order to obtain the greatest reduction in FFA content, the lowest leaching of tocopherols, and the greatest yield, were the following: Na2CO 2 concentration of 4.34 N, temperature of 45.8°C, and homogenization time of 3 min 20 s. The FFA content was reduced from 53.4% to 6.1% after the initial neutralization, thus requiring a second neutralization step. The final FFA content was of 1.8% and total tocopherol (TT) accounted for about 11% of SODD. © 2014 Cibelem Iribarrem Benites et al.Verhé, R., Verleyen, T., Van Hoed, V., De Greyt, W., Influence of refining of vegetable oils on minor components (2006) Journal of Oil Palm Research, pp. 168-179De Greyt, W.F.J., Current and future technologies for the sustainable and cost-efficient production of high quality food oils (2012) European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 114, pp. 1126-1139De Greyt, W., Kellens, M., Hamm, W., Hamilton, R.J., Refining practice (2000) Edible Oil Processing, , Danvers, Mass, USA BlackwellPokorný, J., Korczak, J., Pokorný, J., Yanishlieva, N., Gordon, M., Preparation of natural antioxidants (2001) Antioxidants in Foods - Practical Applications, , chapter 13 Cambridge, UK Woodhead PublishingVerleyen, T., Verhe, R., Garcia, L., Dewettinck, K., Huyghebaert, A., De Greyt, W., Gas chromatographic characterization of vegetable oil deodorization distillate (2001) Journal of Chromatography A, 921 (2), pp. 277-285. , 2-s2.0-0035816428 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00881-0Augusto, M.M.M., (1988) Obtenção e Caracterização de Um Concentrado de Tocoferóis (Vitamina E) A Partir Do Destilado da Desodorizaç ão Do Óleo de Soja [M.S. Thesis], , Campinas, Brazil University of CampinasMartins, P.F., Batistella, C.B., Maciel-Filho, R., Wolf-Maciel, M.R., Comparison of two different strategies for tocopherols enrichment using a molecular distillation process (2006) Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 45 (2), pp. 753-758. , 2-s2.0-31544471472 10.1021/ie050614iBenites, C.I., Reis, S.M.P.M., Oliveira, A.C., Avaliação de métodos de neutralização do destilado da desodorização do óleo de soja (DDOS) (2005) II Simpósio Internacional Tendências e Inovaçõ es em Tecnologia de Óleos e Gorduras, pp. 25-28. , Florianópolis/SC, Brazil Sociedade Brasileira de Óleos e GordurasCunniff, P., (1995) A.O.A.C. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 1. , 16th Arlington, Va, USA AOAC International(1998) A.O.C.S. Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemist's Society, , 5th Champaign, Ill, USA AOCSBiesalski, H.K., Grimm, P., Nutrição - texto e atlas, Artmed, Porto Alegre, Brasil, 2007Benites, C.I., Cardenas, V.O.C., Reis, S.M.P.M., Oliveira, A.C., Physiochemical characterization of soybean oil deodorizer distillate (2009) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 17, pp. 903-908. , 10. 3303/CET091715

Physiochemical Characterization Of Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate

Increased use of industrial waste and byproducts fits the need of industry to comply with environmental rules. The substitution of natural products for artificial ingredients has gained worldwide attention in the food, pharmaceutical and other industries. These facts justify the study on the utilization of Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate (SODD) as tocopherol supplements. Tocopherol, which is physiologically active as vitamin E and a major natural antioxidant, is an especially important player in human and animal nutrition. SODD is a byproduct of the soybean oil refining process that is also rich in free fatty acids (FFA), sterols and hydrocarbons. It has been demonstrated that the use of SODD for vitamin E extraction is not economically viable. However, SODD in the semi-refined form (neutral) can be an alternative for animal and possibly human diet enrichment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the SODD neutralizing process varying the type, concentration, and excess of alkali, as well as the process temperature and time for homogenization. To verify their potential like vitamin E supplement, SODD was semi-refined (neutral SODD) and characterized physical-chemically. The optimal conditions for the neutralizing process, i.e., in order to obtain the greatest reduction in free fatty acid content, the lowest leaching of tocopherols and the greatest yield, were defined experimentally. In the results FFA content was reduced from 53.4% to 6.1% after neutralization, requiring a second step of neutralization, thus obtaining a FFA content of 1.8% and 11.0% of total tocopherol (TT). Neutral SODD was statistically different from crude SODD regarding the following characteristics: FFA, unsaponifiable matter, saponification number and color. The composition of neutral SODD was 1.8% of FFA, 35.4% of unsaponifiable matter, 130.2 mg KOH/g sample of saponification number, 11% of total tocopherols, 114.8 mEq iodine/g sample of iodine index, 4.8 mEq/kg of peroxide value, 11 mg MDA/kg of TBA value, 0.8% of moisture, 9.7 kcal/g of energetic value and 0.906 g/mL of liter weight. These results suggest the potential use of SODD as a supplement. Copyright © 2009, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.17903908A.O.A.C. Official methods of analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists International. 16th ed. CUNNIFF, P. ed. Arlington: AOAC International, 1995. v. 1A.O.C.S. Official methods and recommended practices of the American Oil Chemist's Society, 5th ed. Champaign: AOCS, 1998Almeida, M.E.M., Rusig, O., Guzmán, E.C., Emprego da saponificação com hidróxido de cálcio na extração dos tocoferols de destilados da desodorizaçã o (2003) 5° Simpósio Latino Americano de Ciência de Alimentos, 2003, Campinas. Anais⋯ Campinas: SBCTA e UNICAMP, p. 1623Augusto, M.M.M., (1988) Obtenção e caracterização de um concentrado de tocoferóls (vitamina E) a partir do destilado da desodorização do óleo de soja, , 125p. Dissertaçã o Mestrado em Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CampinasBenites, C.L., Reis, S.M.P.M., Oliveira, A.O., Avaliaçao de métodos de neutralização do destilado da desodorização do óleo de soja (DDOS) (2005) II Simpósio Internacional Tendências e Inovações em Tecnologia de Óleos e Gorduras, pp. 25-28. , Florianópolis/SC. Sociedade Brasileira de Óleos e GordurasBhattacharyya A. C., Bhattacharyya D. K. Deacidification of high FFA rice oil by reesterification and alkali neutralization. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, New York, v. 64,n. 1,p. 128-13 1, jan, 1987Borher, J.R.Z., Gonçalves, L.A.G., Felício, P.E., α- and γ-tocopherol levels in Nelore steer blood plasma after a single oral treatment of soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD) (2002) Meat Science, 61, pp. 301-306. , Oxford, vDe Greyt, W., Kellens, M., Refining practice (2000) Edible Oil Processing, , Hamm W, Hamilton R. J. ed. Danvers: Blackwell, 281pHartmann, L., Lago, R.C.A., (1973) Rapid preparation of fatty acid methyl esters from lipids, 22, pp. 475-477. , Laboratory Practices, LondresMartins, P.F., Batistella, C.B., Maciel-Filho, R., Wolf-Maciel, M.R., Comparison of two different strategies for tocopherols enrichment using a molecular distillation process (2006) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 45, pp. 753-758. , Washington, vMartins, P.F., Ito, V.M., Bastistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., Free fatty acid separation from vegetable oil deodorizer distillate using molecular distillation process (2006) Separation and Purification Technology, 48, pp. 78-84. , Amsterdam, vMoraes, C.M.B., Oliveira, A.C., Rios, K.R., Vitamina E do destilado da desodorização do óleo de soja e sob forma de fármaco na prevenção à oxidação dos lípides e da necrose hepática decorrente de dieta deficiente em cistina para ratos (2004) XVIII Congresso Brasileiro de Nutrição, 2004, Campo Grande. Anais⋯, p. 198. , Campo Grande: ASBRANOkoshi, K., Guimarães, J.F.C., Di Muzio, B.P., Fernades, A.A.H., Okoshi, M.P., Diabetic cardiomyopathy (2007) Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, 51 (2), pp. 160-167. , São Paulo, v, marOliveira, A.C., Reis, S.M.P.M., Moraes, C.M.B., Cunha, J.S.T., Haidamus, L.L., Feliciano, L.M.F., Simões, M.G., The use of soy oil deodorization distillate as an alternative source of vitamin E reduced the weight gain of rats (2005) Brazilian Journal of Nutrition, 18 (5), pp. 693-697. , Campinas, vOliveira, A.C., Reis, S.M.P.M., Benites, C.I., Cavalheiro, L., Souza, M.B., Faria, M., Suplementación com el Destilado de la Desodorización de Aceite de Soja no causa toxicidad em ratas Wistar (2006) 14° Congreso Latinoamericano de Nutrición, Florianópolis. Anales⋯, p. 118. , Florianópolis: SLAN, NESinnhuber, R.I., Yu, T.C., 2-Thiobarbituric acid method for the measurement of rancidity in fishery products. II. The quantitative determination of malonaldehyde (1958) Food Technology, 12, pp. 9-12. , Chicago,