Agricultural LoRA sensor network applied to soil moisture monitoring for fertigation-based production

Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a Université Libre de TunisThe global water crisis is one of the serious threats that human being is facing and especially farmers due to a variety of environment issues. This growing trend of water scarcity led to the existence of the efficiency of irrigation systems for agricultural proposes using electronic sensors and performance systems to precise the amount of water for the growth of plants. However, currently, some automation attempts led to a sub-optimal solution as they do not take into account the vegetative development state of the plants and the small differences in environmental conditions present inside greenhouses. In this project, the work is based on developping a monitoring system based on measurement nodes for real-time monitoring temperature, and humidity. Open-source hardware and sensors was use to create the measurement nodes using LoRa WAN a wireless sensor network. The aim of this work is to create a network of sensors inside a greenhouse in order to obtain regularly updated information. The data is going to be useful since is easy to utilize by the farmers directly from a platform. Measurement node, communicating in real-time through LoRa, will transmit data to the gateway which will then be displayed on a dashboard.The classic internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks which carries a vast range of information resources and services in which HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the first protocol used to transfer hypertext data, from server to the end customer. The classic internet is thus based on the internet of data. On the other hand, the internet of things (IoT), is a new tool for connectivity and mobility, that is to transform business and is helpful in daily life to connect objects. Nowadays, common objects become active and intelligent, integrating seamlessly into a global network and can produce and exchange useful data without the intervention of humans. It’s a network of networks that allows us to identify and communicate digitally with the physical and virtual world. In the near future, the IoT will cover a wide range of applications in our daily life. The world is experiencing a huge increase of intelligent objects, that has led cloud service companies to make platforms known as the Internet of things platforms (IoT platform), which contain services, statistics, libraries, analyses that facilitate communication as well as accelerate and reduce the cost of product development of IoT applications

Date Palm Value Chain Analysis and Marketing Opportunities for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries

In order to develop a sustainable date palm production system in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries of the Arabian Peninsula, an analysis of the date value chain in these countries was undertaken. Through the mapping of the chain, the overall objective was to identify the processes where values are created and how they are distributed among stakeholders along the entire date palm value chain. The method used in this analysis was based on an assessment of the data gathered from the multi-stakeholder surveys implemented in the three case studies of the GCC countries: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Oman, and Kuwait. The empirical findings reveal several problems and constraints that might affect the future of the GCC date palm sector. Therefore, development of a competitive supply date palm chain (both market and agribusiness development) could provide a greater contribution to the GCC economy if producers paid more attention to marketing of this very important food commodity. Hence, date palm production is no longer a way of life but nowadays is considered as an investment option and source of revenues for many stakeholders if the GCC region

Computation of mode I strain energy release rate of symmetrical and asymmetrical sandwich structures using mixed finite element

The use of composite materials is on the rise in different engineering fields, the main advantage of these materials for the aerospace industry is their low weight for excellent mechanical qualities. The analysis of failure modes, such as delamination, of these materials has received great attention from researchers. This paper proposes a method to evaluate the mode I Strain Energy Release Rate (SERR) of sandwich structures. This method associated a two-dimensional mixed finite element with virtual crack extension technique for the analysis of interfacial delamination of sandwich beams. A symmetrical Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) and asymmetrical Double Cantilever Beam (UDCB) have been analyzed in this study.  The comparison of the results obtained by this method and those found in the literature shows efficiency and good precision for the calculation of Strain Energy Release Rate (SERR)

INSECTICIDAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF TWO ALGERIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

In this work, we determined the insecticidal activity and antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae) leaves and Peganum harmala (Zygophyllaceae) seeds, two well-known Algerian medicinal plants. Four concentrations of each extract were applied in total randomization by spraying directly on the eggs and larvae of Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under laboratory conditions. Our findings revealed that eggs hatching after four days were not affected by the aqueous extract, with a rate of 54% of hatching eggs in both control and treated eggs. Additionally, toxicity by contact on larvae was not evident and the mortality percentage did not exceed 8%, regardless of the extract plant and concentration. Phytochemical screening showed a slight presence of terpenes and saponins and an absence of alkaloids. However, polyphenols were present in medium concentrations in the aqueous extracts of both plants. The antioxidant activities of N. oleander and P. harmala extracts were found to be 71.80 and 72.94%, respectively. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the studied extracts were 50.69 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry weight (DW) and 3.55 in terms of quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g DW, respectively, in N. oleander. In P. harmala, the TPC and TFC were 52.30 mg GAE/100 g DW and 3.49 mg QE/100 g DW, respectively. Our study clearly shows the limited insecticidal effect of the aqueous extracts, although they showed an interesting antioxidant potential, which could help to decrease the incidence of oxidative stress-induced damage

A NOVEL SYNTHETIC PROTOCOL FOR THE BIS-TRIAZOLONES DERIVATIVES THROUGH CORRESPONDING N1-ETHOXYCARBONYL-N1-TOSYLHYDRAZONATES

A simple method has been developed for the synthesis of bis-triazolones 2a-n starting from N1-ethoxycarbonyl-N1-tosylhydrazonates 1 and aliphatic diamine. It affords a number of bis-triazolones 2a-n  in reasonable yields. The structures of all new compounds were elucidated using infrared, 1H and 13C NMR studies as well as elemental analysis. Some of these reactions provide successful means to produce biologically important structures