RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PYRIMIDINES: A REVIEW

Over the past era, development of small heterocycles as potential therapeutics has been a zone of major interest. A large number of pyrimidine derivatives are of considerable biological and chemical interest. Pyrimidine derivatives have shown numerous biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitubercular, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. Being a heterocyclic compound, Pyrimidine finds its use for designing synthesis of newer biologically active structures, as its aromaticity makes it relatively stable, also reactive sites which allow for functionalization. Several amino derivatives of nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as pyrimidine, pyridine possess an antimicrobial activity. In this review, recent advancements in the antimicrobial activity of pyrimidine derivatives have been reported

Youssef syndrome- manifesting as cyclical hematuria during non-pregnant state and as antepartum hemorrhage during pregnant state

A woman developed an utero-vesical fistula following her second cesarean section. Between pregnancies she manifested cyclical menouria without urinary incontinence. In her third pregnancy for first 3 months her cyclical menouria was relieved as a feature of pregnancy amenorrhea, but it recurred in fourth month of pregnancy as antepartum hemorrhage because of placental location in the fistula area

How much antibiotic for cesarean section and hysterectomy: short course versus long course

Background: Objective of current study was to compare cost and efficacy of short course and long course prophylactic antibiotics for hysterectomy and cesarean section.Methods: The current study is observational study. It has two antibiotic regimens a short course and a long course and these are compared for average duration of antibiotics, average cost of antibiotics, and outcome measures such as wound infection and febrile illness. Data were analyzed using t test, Chi-squared test, Epi info software used for analysis.Results: The short course low cost regimen is as effective as more expensive long course regimen, with no significant difference of wound infections and febrile morbidity (P >0.05).Conclusions: No statistical difference as regard wound infection and febrile morbidity in short course and long course of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in cesarean section and hysterectomy. There is statistical difference in antibiotic cost between two regimen, short course and long course for cesarean section and hysterectomy. The cost of antibiotic is 5.53 times less in short course regimen for cesarean section and hysterectomy when compared with long course regimen

HYDRAULIC SPRING STIFFNESS TESTING MACHINE

In many engineering machines and mechanisms spring is an essential component used for proper functioning of that machine for maximum efficiency, there are many applications of springs in automobile suspension system, IC engine valves , brakes, clutches, measurements of weights, for storing energy such as in spring type accumulator, in shock absorber, in hydraulic components such as hydraulic cylinders, pressure relief valves, flow control valves etc. But according to the our market survey and observations sometimes spring used in above applications having a many defects such as manufacturing defects, processing defects like defects occurs at the time of hardening sometimes this causes the more hardened spring which has more stiffness value and sometimes causes a less stiffness value of spring, hence this creates a problems on the applications of the springs for proper uses and creates a problems in working of that machinecomponents.By considering this problem we can easily measure spring stiffness by using this machine in low cos

Study of Serum Ferritin and Thyroid Dysfunction in known Beta-Thalassemia Patients

Background: Iron overload is the common side effect in Beta-Thalassemia patients due to repeated blood transfusions. It may affect endocrine glands like thyroid gland leading to thyroid dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum ferritin level and to check for any thyroid dysfunction in known Beta- Thalassemia patients on regular blood transfusion. The objectives were to measure serum ferritin, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Tri-iodothyronine (fT3)and Free Thyroxine (fT4) hormone levels, and to study association of serum ferritin and frequency of blood transfusion with these hormone levels. Material & Methods:In this hospital based cross sectional study, blood samples from consecutive cases admitted to the Thalassemia unit of the hospital were studied. Age, sex, anthropometric data like height, weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Case history about blood transfusion and chelation therapy and other related complications was taken from the patients’ file. Blood samples were collected and serum was tested for Serum Ferritin and Thyroid Function Test including Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Tri-iodothyronine (fT3) and Free Thyroxine (fT4) using chemiluminescence method. Results:Our study found that mean serum ferritin level (1848.9 ng/mL) was higher than the reference range. Mean TSH, fT3 and fT4 levels were normal. Conclusion:This study found that all the patients with Beta-thalassemia on regular blood transfusion had raised serum ferritin levels than the reference range, but they were euthyroid. This was due to regularly maintained serum ferritin levels by appropriate chelation therapy and regular follow up.The limitation of the study is its small sample size. A larger prospective study is needed to support the results of this study

ROLE OF BIOMARKERS IN EPILEPTOGENESIS: A CONCISE REVIEW

Epilepsy is a gathering of ongoing neurological problems described by intermittent, unconstrained, and unusual seizures. It is one of the most widely recognized neurological messes, influencing a huge number of individuals around the world. A biomarker is characterized as a dispassionately estimated normal for an ordinary or obsessive natural interaction. Recognizable proof and legitimate approval of biomarkers of epileptogenesis, the improvement of epilepsy, and ictogenesis, the affinity to create unconstrained seizures, may foresee the improvement of an epilepsy condition; recognize the presence and seriousness of tissue equipped for producing unconstrained seizures; measure movement after the condition is set up; furthermore, decide pharmacoresistant. Such biomarkers could be utilized to make creature models for more savvy screening of potential antiepileptogenic and antiseizure medications and gadgets and to lessen the expense of clinical preliminaries by enhancing the preliminary populace and going about as proxy markers to abbreviate the preliminary span. The destinations of the biomarker subgroup for the London Studio were to characterize approaches for distinguishing conceivable biomarkers for these reasons. Examination to recognize dependable biomarkers may likewise uncover basic instruments that could serve as helpful focuses for the improvement of new antiepileptogenic and antiseizure compounds

Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis: Unusual Presentation of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - Diagnosed By FNAC

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm that usually arises from minor salivary glands. It is characteristically locally infiltrative, exhibiting perineural invasion, has a tendency for local recurrence and prolonged clinical course. A 60 year old male, chronic smoker presented with swelling of the left cervical lymph node since two months. Examination revealed a solitary firm, non tender, non mobile left cervical swelling measuring 2 x 1 cm. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) was done from the cervical lymph node. The diagnosis of metastatic deposits of ACC was given. Detail examination of the oral cavity revealed a small swelling at the floor of the mouth. Biopsy of the swelling confirmed ACC on histopathological examination. An unusual feature of adenoid cystic carcinoma is the low incidence of metastases to regional lymph nodes. The case is presented to highlight its unusual presentation and utility of FNAC in rapid diagnosis

Hydraulic Spring Stiffness Testing Machine

In many engineering machines and mechanisms spring is an essential component used for proper functioning of that machine for maximum efficiency, there are many applications of springs in automobile suspension system, IC engine valves , brakes, clutches, measurements of weights, for storing energy such as in spring type accumulator, in shock absorber, in hydraulic components such as hydraulic cylinders, pressure relief valves, flow control valves etc. But according to the our market survey and observations sometimes spring used in above applications having a many defects such as manufacturing defects, processing defects like defects occurs at the time of hardening sometimes this causes the more hardened spring which has more stiffness value and sometimes causes a less stiffness value of spring, hence this creates a problems on the applications of the springs for proper uses and creates a problems in working of that machinecomponents.By considering this problem we can easily measure spring stiffness by using this machine in low cos