Marcadores moleculares como ferramentas para estudos de genética de plantas.

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Métodos de predição do comportamento de populações de melhoramento.

Algodão; Melhoramento genéticobitstream/CNPA/19713/1/DOC108.PD

Reassessment of exclusion zones of GM cotton in Brazil: the case of Rondônia State.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was the second crop to received commercial approval to planting GM cultivars in Brazil, in 2005. At that time, the main concern was the possibility of gene flow from GM cottons to affect in situ maintenance of others species sexually compatible ? G. barbadense and G. mustelinum. To avoid this problem, the National Biosafety Technical Commision (CTNBio) conditioned the cultivation of GM cotton to the creation of GM Cotton Exclusion Zones, where just non-GM cultivars could be planted. Cotton cultivation is an important agricultural activity in Brazil and the producers are almost unanimous: fields of GM cultivars yield more, the management is less laborious and the protection against weeds and pests is higher. For these reasons, farmers in the Rondonia, a state included into the exclusion zones, requested CTNBio to remove Rondônia from the exclusion zones. To deliberate, CTNBio asked Embrapa for information. To properly answer, an expedition was performed in 20 of the state?s 52 municipalities, and only one species was found, Gossypium barbadense. Plants were present just in higly anthropized areas, mainly in dooryards of urban and rural houses, and they were maintained as medicinal plants. Plants of G. barbadense were found in 5% to 10% of the houses, protected from gene flow by walls, houses, and trees. There was no signal of interespecifc crossing, even in municipalities were conventional Gossypium hirsutum were planted. The main risk to in situ mainatenance of G. barbadense is the loss of cultural habits resulting from the expansion of the public health care, which increases the use of chemical drugs over medicinal plants. In conclusion, gene flow is not a significant concern to the preservation of Gossypium barbadense in Rondônia, and there is no reason for the state to remain as an exclusion zones

Aplicabilidade de marcadores SSR em estudos genéticos em Gossypium Mustelinun Miers.

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A legislação em Biossegurança e o desenvolvimento da Biotecnologia: a CTNBio: uma jovem de 27 anos.

O resumo apresenta a Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança (CTNBio) em seus 27 anos no usou as competências atribuídas pela Lei de Biossegurança (Lei no 11.105/2005) responsavelmente

Genetic diversity of arboreal cotton populations of the Brazilian semiarid: a remnant primary gene pool for cotton cultivars.

Mocó cotton belong to the same species as the cultivated species, Gossypium hirsutum, and cultivated forms were mainly landraces but also developed as cultivars, bearing good fiber quality and drought tolerant when cropped as a perennial species. The northeast Brazil crop system based on this cotton type is finished, with a few small area planted in the three main States, where it was previously cultivated (Ceará, Paraíba, and Rio Grande do Norte), but in others, maintenance is accomplished by single dooryard plants. Plants were found in all visited Northeast Brazil municipalities, sometimes in the North of the country, and were collected for ex situ preservation and evaluation. Most of seeds had no fuzz (62.2%) and 94.6% of the genotypes presented spot in flowers. Seventy-one alleles were revealed in 12 loci. The genetic structure of the population evaluated by microsatellite markers shows two main groups, one comprising the Seridó region where landraces were originated and other comprising the state of Ceará, where a specific breeding program was developed. Genotypes collected in North Brazil States as well as those collected in Bahia, Alagoas, and Sergipe grouped with those collected in Ceará. The Mantel correlogram indicates a significant (P < 0.05) correlation between genetic and geographical distances up to 77 km. The ex situ maintenance and agronomical evaluation are the main concerns for mocó, as the use of the agricultural interesting traits, possibly introgressed to other genotypes, is predicted. The in situ preservation is still of interest since there is more diversity there than in the collected plants and some should be continued due to use as medicinal plant