F And G Intensity Sum Rule Applications: The Chxd4-x Molecules

Numerical analyses based on the F and G intensity sum rules show that recently published experimental values for the fundamental vibrational intensities of CH4, CH3D, CH2D2, CHD3, and CD4 are internally consistent within experimental errors. Effective charge values for the carbon and hydrogen atoms obtained using the intensity sums for all these isotopically related molecules are almost in exact agreement with reported values obtained from the polar tensors of CH4 and CD4. The G sum rule allows a determination of the signs of the dipole moment derivatives using the fundamental intensity sum for CH4 (or CD4) and the polar tensor values for CD4 (or CH4). © 1978 American Institute of Physics.6994147414

A model to simulate the contribution of fibre reinforcement for the punching resistance of RC slabs

In this paper analytical formulations are developed for the prediction of the punching resistance of flat slabs 17 of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) flexurally reinforced with steel bars. By performing statistical 18 analysis with a database that collects experimental results on the characterization of the post-cracking 19 behaviour of SFRC, equations are determined for the evaluation of the residual flexural tensile strength 20 parameters (fRi) from fundamental data that characterize steel fibres. The fRi strength parameters proposed by 21 CEB-FIP 2010 were used for the definition of the stress-crack width law (s-w) that simulates the fibre 22 reinforcement mechanisms in cement based materials. In the second part of the paper is described an 2 analytical formulation based on the concepts proposed by Muttoni and Ruiz, where 23 the s-w law is 24 conveniently integrated for the simulation of the contribution of steel fibres for the punching resistance of 25 SFRC slabs. By using a database composed of 154 punching tests with SFRC slabs, the good predictive 26 performance of the developed proposal is demonstrated. The good performance of this model is also 27 evidenced by comparing its predictions to those from other models.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

The predictive performance of design models for the punching resistance of SFRC slabs in inner column loading conditions

In the recent years steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC), in a volume percentage between 0.75 and 1.25, is being proposed to build slabs supported on piles and slabs supported on columns, where the unique conventional reinforcement is composed of some steel bars in the alignments of the columns/piles, designated as anti-progressive collapse bars. Punching resistance, however, can be a concern in this structural system. In fact, punching has a brittle failure character, and the prediction of the punching resistance is still a challenge, even in concrete slabs with traditional reinforcement systems. The difficulties on assessing the contribution of the reinforcement mechanisms of steel fibres for the flexural and shear resistance in the critical punching perimeter increase this complexity. The research carried out in this paper has the purpose of assessing the reliability of existing analytical models for the prediction of the punching resistance of SFRC slabs. For this purpose, a data-base of experimental tests with SFRC slabs failing in punching was built and the predictive performance of four analytical available models was assessed. In order to turn more practical the model that is more reliable from physical and mechanical point of views, the concepts proposed by Model Code 2010 for the characterization of the postcracking behaviour of FRC were introduced in this model

Gaussian superpositions in scalar-tensor quantum cosmological models

A free scalar field minimally coupled to gravity model is quantized and the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in minisuperspace is solved analytically, exhibiting positive and negative frequency modes. The analysis is performed for positive, negative and zero values of the curvature of the spatial section. Gaussian superpositions of the modes are constructed, and the quantum bohmian trajectories are determined in the framework of the Bohm-de Broglie interpretation of quantum cosmology. Oscillating universes appear in all cases, but with a characteristic scale of the order of the Planck scale. Bouncing regular solutions emerge for the flat curvature case. They contract classically from infinity until a minimum size, where quantum effects become important acting as repulsive forces avoiding the singularity and creating an inflationary phase, expanding afterwards to an infinite size, approaching the classical expansion as long as the scale factor increases. These are non-singular solutions which are viable models to describe the early Universe.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, 3 Postscript figures, uses graficx.st

Evaluation of water and sucrose diffusion coefficients during osmotic dehydration of jenipapo (Genipa americana L.).

The apparent diffusion coefficients for sucrose and water during osmotic dehydration of jenipapos were determined. Long time experiments (up to 60 h) were carried out in order to determine equilibrium concentrations inside jenipapos, whereas short time experiments (up to 4 h) were performed to provide detailed information on kinetics of water loss and solids gain at the beginning of osmotic treatment. According to the result, mass transfer rates for water and solutes, as well as the apparent diffusion coefficients for sucrose showed to be dependent on sucrose concentration in osmotic solution. The immersion time did not have significant effect (p>0.05) over the diffusion coefficients for sucrose and water

Primary Total Elbow Arthroplasty in the Treatment of Complex Elbow Fracture: A Case Report

Introduction: Some elbow fractures are very complex with inadequate bone stock, so it is not possible to perform a stable fixation. However, loss of basic elbow function can severely affect daily living activities. There are few alternatives to internal fixation, but arthroplasty can be a reasonable option. The aim of this case report is to evaluate the role of primary total elbow arthroplasty in the treatment of complex elbow fractures. Case study: A 54-year-old male patient presented at our emergency department in the sequence of a motorcycle accident, which caused an open fracture of the left elbow, classified as type IIIB of Gustilo and Anderson. The X-ray showed comminuted fractures of distal humerus and proximal ulna with bone loss from both epiphysis. He started antibiotherapy and was submitted to immediate surgical debridement, provisional fixation with an external fixator and skin closure. The external fixator was removed 2 months after, when the patient presented with great elbow instability. The X-ray and the Computed Tomography showed signals of malunion and bone loss, which prevented any kind of fixation. Therefore, 3 months after, the patient was submitted to elbow joint replacement. A posterior approach was used, in which the triceps was reflected and was applied a linked arthroplasty - Coonrad-Morrey total elbow arthroplasty. On the second week after surgery, passive motion was started and by the fourth week, progressed to active motion. Six months after, he presented without significant pain and with a range of motion of 0° to 135º. Conclusions: Although rarely used, total elbow arthroplasty may be the choice in selected patients with elbow fractures with loss of bone. As shown in this case, this treatment can lead to a satisfactory functional recovery. Despite having some complications, more recent studies encourage its use in the future

Effects of experimental design on calibration curve precision in routine analysis

A computational program which compares the effciencies of different experimental designs with those of maximum precision (D-optimized designs) is described. The program produces confidence interval plots for a calibration curve and provides information about the number of standard solutions, concentration levels and suitable concentration ranges to achieve an optimum calibration. Some examples of the application of this novel computational program are given, using both simulated and real data

Condutividade elétrica e ph da solução do solo sob fertirrigação com diferentes fontes de nitrogênio e de potássio.

Os nutrientes mais requeridos pela bananeira são o nitrogênio e o potássio. O nitrogênio é o nutriente responsável pelo aumento do número de pencas, emissão e crescimento dos rebentos, aumentando consideravelmente a quantidade total de matéria seca. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes nitrogenadas e potássicas aplicadas por fertirrigação na condutividade elétrica e no pH do solo em duas profundidades. A cultivar de bananeira utilizada para o estudo foi a ?Grand Naine? com espaçamento de 2,5 x 2,5m. Os sistemas de irrigação utilizados foi o gotejamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na utilização de seis fontes de fertilizantes, três nitrogenadas (Nitrato de cálcio, Nitrato de potássio e Uréia), e três fontes potássicas (Nitrato de potássio, Cloreto de potássio e Sulfato de potássio) durante o ciclo da cultura. Os dados permitiram avaliar o comportamento das variáveis pH e CEw durante o ciclo da bananeira. Não houve tendência de redução nem aumento do pH durante o período observado, para as fontes de fertilizantes. A fertirrigação usando as diferentes fontes não resultou em níveis elevados de condutividade elétrica da solução do solo