Tratamento parcial do rebanho: revisão sobre sua utilização no controle da mosca-dos-chifres.

Métodos e estratégias alternativas de controle da mosca-dos-chifres são cada vez mais necessários para reduzir custos e impactos causados pelo controle químico. Entretanto, tais opções estão ainda em estudo, apresentam restrições à sua efetiva adoção ou demonstram limitada eficiência quando aplicadas isoladamente. Assim, visando reduzir o problema da resistência e da contaminação, além dos gastos com o controle, o tratamento de uma parcela do rebanho constitui uma estratégia alternativa de controle parasitário, a qual tem sido utilizada de forma empírica por alguns produtores. Este artigo apresenta uma abrangente revisão sobre esta estratégia, chamada de tratamento parcial do rebanho ou de tratamento seletivo, e sua possível utilização no controle da mosca-dos-chifres. São discutidos prós e contras, à luz do conhecimento atual, de modo a subsidiar reflexões e decisões sobre sua adoção no controle parasitário.bitstream/CPAP-2009-09/56783/1/DOC96.pdfFormato eletrônico

Full waveform inversion of shot gathers in terms of poro-elastic parameters

International audienceWe have developed a full waveform iterative inversion procedure for determining the porosity, permeability, interstitial fluid properties and mechanical parameters of stratified porous media. The inverse problem is solved by using a generalized least-squares formalism. The proposed method achieves computational efficiency through semi-analytical, semi-numerical solutions for calculating the reference and perturbation wave fields from Biot's theory. When this algorithm is applied to noise-free synthetic data, it is found that the inversion of a single parameter as a function of depth generally yields satisfactory results. However, simultaneous or sequential multi-parameter inversions underline, as expected, the inter-dependence between parameters having different physical dimensionality. The strong correlations that may exist between parameters of different types remain a major issue in multiparameter estimation, but viable solutions may be found when some a priori knowledge of the porous medium is available. For instance, the seismic data can be inverted for the saturation rate by knowing the properties of the interstitial fluid. Nevertheless, the approach proposed here militates in favor of a combination of different methods to solve the challenging task of estimating poro-elastic parameters from seismic data

Estudo sobre a mosca-dos-chifres (Haemotobia irritans) em bovinos nelorados no Pantanal.

O Pantanal representa uma das regiões mais importantes do pais em termos de Pecuária de corte, com um rebanho estimado em cerca de 3,8 milhões de cabeças (Cadavid Garcia, 1986). Desde sua chegada a região em 1991 (Barros, 1992), a mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans) tem gerado uma significativa apreensão a classe produtora. A ocorrência inicial de níveis de infestação considerados prejudiciais e a crescente demanda por um programa de controle evidenciaram a necessidade de estudos na região. Desde 1993, pesquisas vem sendo desenvolvidas visando definir as épocas, níveis e duracao das infestações nos bovinos, com o objetivo de avaliar a magnitude do problema e propor um programa de controle adequado ao Pantanal. Paralelamente, tendo em vista a dificuldade de se estimar o nível de infestação nos bovinos, esta sendo verificada a viabilidade de se utilizar o comportamento dos animais como um indicador prático do nível de infestação do rebanho, possibilitando uma melhor avaliação e decisão, por parte do produtor, quanto a necessidade de tratamento.bitstream/item/63602/1/CPAP-PESQ.-AND.-14-95.pd

Aspectos do controle da mosca-dos-chifres e manejo de resistência.

A mosca-dos-chifres é uma praga relativamente recente na bovinocultura brasileira, introduzida na região Centro-Oeste há pouco mais de uma década. Desde então, seu controle tem sido dependente do uso de produtos inseticidas, o que tem sido realizado, de modo geral, de forma abusiva e indiscriminada em todo o país. Ao longo dos anos, o controle químico deste e de outros ectoparasitas tem levado à seleção de populações resistentes, reduzindo a eficácia dos produtos, mantendo perdas na produtividade e encarecendo os custos do manejo sanitário e, em última análise, da produção.bitstream/CPAP/55970/1/DOC77.pdfFormato Eletrônic

Resistência da mosca-dos-chifres a inseticidas: um problema à pecuária.

bitstream/CPAP/56440/1/ADM025.pdfFormato eletrônico

Firms' perception of the importance and use of patents as a means of appropriating the returns from innovation

The present research extends the existing literature in at least three aspects. Firstly, it looks at what makes firms perceive patents as more or less important. Secondly, it examines how patents do (if at all) interact with other appropriability mechanisms. Finally, it looks at how firms act with respect to why, where, what and when to patent. The manufacturing industry is still the major source of patent applications. Thus, a firm-level study in manufacturing was chosen. The adopted methodology consists of i) a series of interviews with decision-makers on patents in six pharmaceuticals firms, using a semi-structured questionnaire, and ii) two postal surveys of firms in UK manufacturing, conducted through structured questionnaires. One survey, also known as the Community Innovation Survey, was undertaken by the UK Office for National Statistics on behalf of the UK Department of Trade industry. Another survey, encompassing particular aspects of patenting activities, was administered by the researcher to firms listed in the UK R&D Scoreboard. Contrary to our suspicions patent numbers may be a good proxy for evaluating the importance of patents as a mechanism of protection, but not necessarily for measuring the level of innovativeness of a firm. Secondly, our findings suggest that some mechanisms of appropriability are more correlated to patents than others but, overall, they lead to the same sort of conclusions. Finally, we found that i) firms seek patents mainly as a protective device against copying; ii) patents tend to be filed early in the innovation process when the prospects may still be uncertain; iii) in general broader patent scope is sought but a narrow scope can also be valuable; and iv) the attractiveness of the market is central when firms decide to pursue cross-border proprietary control of the knowledge they create

Physical And Chemical Characteristics Of Common Bean Varieties

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most widely consumed legumes in the world, but nevertheless different varieties vary with respect to their physical and chemical aspects. This study evaluated the physical and chemical characteristics (color, hardness after cooking, water absorption capacity, cooking time, integrity of the beans after cooking, proximate composition and mineral composition) of the following varieties of the common bean: Carioca, IAPAR 81, Saracura, Juriti, Pérola, Colibri and IAPAR 31, all destined for both the internal Brazilian and external markets. The varieties studied had different proximate compositions and contents of the following minerals: K, Ca, N, Mg, S, Cu, Fe and Mn; but identical contents of P, Zn and B. The beans were classified as small in size. The Carioca variety showed the lowest values for L∗(41.29) and H∗ (57.22), and the highest values for a∗ (12.17), its beans being redder and darker than the others. The Saracura variety showed the lowest degree of hydration (95.70 g/100g), cooking time (22.67 min.) and whole beans after cooking (30%), while the Pérola variety showed the highest values for these same parameters, 106.77 g/100g, 43.67 min. And 82.16%, respectively. No correlation was observed between the calcium and magnesium contents of the beans and the hardness of the raw bean, degree of hydration during maceration, cooking time and integrity of the cooked beans. According to the characteristics studied, the Saracura variety is a good option for both industrial and domestic use.37275176

Mexilhão dourado no Pantanal - um problema ambiental e econômico.

bitstream/CPAP/56433/1/ADM032.pdfFormato eletrônico