Bioenergia e exclusão regional: a não política nacional agroenergética e os girassóis do RN

This doctoral thesis presents an analysis of the production of bicarbonates and related regional development in Brazil. It is widely believed that one of Brazil s vocations lies in the agro-energy sector. However, current national agro-energy policies, together with the experience of Petrobras (the national oil company) in rural settlements in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, show that Brazil has fallen short of effectively including the North and Northeast regions of the country, let alone small-scale rural producers (residing in rural settlements or not), in the development process and related benefits from the country s participation in the current world energy grid. The methodology entails secondary research related to the theme, such as books, official documents, websites and statistical databases from diverse sources, in addition to an analysis of statements from interviews of Petrobras representatives and other important scientific, institutional and labor union authorities, in relation to agro-energy issues and the socio-economic participation of family-based agriculture in this process. Principal findings show a correlation between agro-energy and regional development, creating the potential for numerous opportunities and challenges. Findings demonstrate the possibility of reversing/reducing historically rooted indices of hunger and poverty that continue to devastate the North and Northeast regions. At the same time, the thesis points to a potentially catastrophic increase in regional disparities, should the present historic moment not be seized upon so as to include these regions. Classic examples of non-policy at the federal level are presented as evidence of the absence of a regionally focused agroenergy policy in the current government, reinforced by the experiences of Petrobras in the Rio Grande do Norte rural settlements. Finally, the thesis concludes that there is an urgent need to create a government-sponsored enterprise (with a structure similar to Petrobras) with the purpose of implementing a truly broad and inclusive development process for the bicarbonates production sector, while remaining attentive to Brazil s opportune and critical role in the world s current agro-energy scenario.Analisa a relação entre a produção de biocarburantes e a questão regional. Acredita-se que a produção agroenergética é uma vocação brasileira, contudo, a atual política nacional agoenergética e a experiência dos assentamentos rurais apoiados pela Petrobras, no Rio Grande do Norte, não incluem efetivamente as regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, tampouco os pequenos produtores rurais (assentados ou não) nos benefícios decorrentes da atual mudança na matriz energética mundial. A metodologia utilizada inclui a pesquisa secundária concernente ao tema, tais como livros, documentos oficiais, sites, bases estatísticas entre as demais fontes, e ainda a análise de discurso tomando por base entrevistas realizadas junto à Petrobras e com importantes autoridades científicas, institucionais e sindicais relacionadas à questão agroenergética e a inclusão sócio-econômica da agricultura familiar neste processo. Os principais resultados indicam que a correlação entre agroenergia e a questão regional apresenta inúmeras potencialidades e desafios. Aponta para a possibilidade de reversão/redução dos históricos indicadores de fome e pobreza que assolam o Norte e o Nordeste. Contudo, também indica que a não política agroenergética no atual governo federal, assim como experiências da Petrobras nos assentamentos do Rio Grande do Norte são exemplos claros de não política que podem agravar o quadro de disparidades regionais de forma abissal, caso não haja aproveitamento deste momento histórico. Por fim conclui que urge a criação de uma empresa de economia mista (nos moldes da Petrobras) e integradora especializada na produção de biocarburantes, que trate desta questão com a urgência e importância que o Brasil ocupa no cenário agroenergético mundial, numa perspectiva verdadeiramente includente e abrangente

Acidez extraivel do solo. Comparação entre as metodologias internacional e do Servico Nacional de Levantamento e Conservação de Solos (SNLCS).

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The Weibull-Geometric distribution

In this paper we introduce, for the first time, the Weibull-Geometric distribution which generalizes the exponential-geometric distribution proposed by Adamidis and Loukas (1998). The hazard function of the last distribution is monotone decreasing but the hazard function of the new distribution can take more general forms. Unlike the Weibull distribution, the proposed distribution is useful for modeling unimodal failure rates. We derive the cumulative distribution and hazard functions, the density of the order statistics and calculate expressions for its moments and for the moments of the order statistics. We give expressions for the R\'enyi and Shannon entropies. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure is discussed and an algorithm EM (Dempster et al., 1977; McLachlan and Krishnan, 1997) is provided for estimating the parameters. We obtain the information matrix and discuss inference. Applications to real data sets are given to show the flexibility and potentiality of the proposed distribution

Quantifying responses of dung beetles to fire disturbance in tropical forests:the importance of trapping method and seasonality

Understanding how biodiversity responds to environmental changes is essential to provide the evidence-base that underpins conservation initiatives. The present study provides a standardized comparison between unbaited flight intercept traps (FIT) and baited pitfall traps (BPT) for sampling dung beetles. We examine the effectiveness of the two to assess fire disturbance effects and how trap performance is affected by seasonality. The study was carried out in a transitional forest between Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) and Amazon Forest. Dung beetles were collected during one wet and one dry sampling season. The two methods sampled different portions of the local beetle assemblage. Both FIT and BPT were sensitive to fire disturbance during the wet season, but only BPT detected community differences during the dry season. Both traps showed similar correlation with environmental factors. Our results indicate that seasonality had a stronger effect than trap type, with BPT more effective and robust under low population numbers, and FIT more sensitive to fine scale heterogeneity patterns. This study shows the strengths and weaknesses of two commonly used methodologies for sampling dung beetles in tropical forests, as well as highlighting the importance of seasonality in shaping the results obtained by both sampling strategies

A economia política da informação

NE: Os textos das palestras fizeram parte da programação do 2° Ciclo de Palestras do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação do Departamento de Ciência da Informação e Documentação da Universidade de Brasília, realizado de agosto a dezembro de 1995, sempre às sextas-feiras. Os trabalhos foram reproduzidos como enviados pelos autores, refletindo portanto o estilo próprio de cada um