Machine Learning for Mini-EUSO Telescope Data Analysis

Neural networks as well as other methods of machine learning (ML) are known to be highly efficient in different classification tasks, including classification of images and videos. Mini- EUSO is a wide-field-of-view imaging telescope that operates onboard the International Space Station since 2019 collecting data on miscellaneous processes that take place in the atmosphere of Earth in the UV range. Here we briefly present our results on the development of ML-based approaches for recognition and classification of track-like signals in the Mini-EUSO data, among them meteors, space debris and signals the light curves and kinematics of which are similar to those expected from extensive air showers generated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We show that even simple neural networks demonstrate impressive performance in solving these tasks.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, ICRC2023 conferenc

Radio evidence for a shock wave reflected by a coronal hole

We report the first unambiguous observational evidence in the radio range of the reflection of a coronal shock wave at the boundary of a coronal hole. The event occurred above an active region located at the northwest limb of the Sun and was characterized by an eruptive prominence and an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave steepening into a shock. The EUV observations acquired by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory(SDO) and the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI) instrument on board the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory(STEREO-A) were used to track the development of the EUV front in the inner corona. Metric type II radio emission, a distinguishing feature of shock waves propagating in the inner corona, was simultaneously recorded by ground-based radio spectrometers. The radio dynamic spectra displayed an unusual reversal of the type II emission lanes, together with type III-like herringbone emission, indicating shock-accelerated electron beams. Combined analysis of imaging data from the two space-based EUV instruments and the Nancay Radioheliograph (NRH) evidences that the reverse-drifting typeiiemission was produced at the intersection of the shock front, reflected at a coronal hole boundary, with an intervening low-Alfv\'en-speed region characterized by an open field configuration. We also provide an outstanding data-driven reconstruction of the spatiotemporal evolution in the inner corona of the shock-accelerated electron beams produced by the reflected shock

Improvement of the extraction method of faint signals in γ -activity measurements of meteorites

The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2017-11556-yAt the underground laboratory of Monte dei Cappuccini (OATo-INAF) in Torino (Italy) we set up selective HPGe-NaI(Tl) spectrometers for measurements of cosmogenic radioisotopes in meteorites in order to study centennial-scale modulation of solar activity. 44 Ti is a suitable proxy for this timescale, but its detection is difficult due to the strong interference by naturally occurring 214 Bi. In order to optimize the extraction of the 44 Ti signal, we have developed software procedures specifically designed to improve selectivity of the Ge-NaI detectors coincidence

UV telescope TUS on board Lomonosov satellite: Selected results of the mission

The Tracking Ultraviolet Setup (TUS) was the first orbital detector aimed to check the possibility of recording ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at E≳100 EeV by measuring the fluorescence signal of extensive air showers in the atmosphere. TUS was an experiment funded by the Russian Space Agency ROSCOSMOS, and it operated as a part of the scientific payload of the Lomonosov satellite since April 2016 till late 2017. During its mission, TUS registered almost 80,000 events in its main operation mode, with a few of them being sufficiently interesting to be more deeply scrutinized as they showed light profile and duration similar to UHECR events, even though much brighter. At the same time, the data acquired by TUS in different acquisition modes have been used to search for more exotic matter such us strangelets and nuclearites, and to measure occurrence, time profile and signal amplitude of different classes of transient luminous events among other scientific objectives, showing the interdisciplinary capability of a space-based observatory for UHECRs. In this paper, we report a selection of studies and results obtained with the TUS telescope which will be presented and placed in the contest of the present and future missions dedicated to the observation of UHECRs from space such as Mini-EUSO, K-EUSO and POEMMA

Neural Network Based Approach to Recognition of Meteor Tracks in the Mini-EUSO Telescope Data

Mini-EUSO is a wide-angle fluorescence telescope that registers ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the nocturnal atmosphere of Earth from the International Space Station. Meteors are among multiple phenomena that manifest themselves not only in the visible range but also in the UV. We present two simple artificial neural networks that allow for recognizing meteor signals in the Mini-EUSO data with high accuracy in terms of a binary classification problem. We expect that similar architectures can be effectively used for signal recognition in other fluorescence telescopes, regardless of the nature of the signal. Due to their simplicity, the networks can be implemented in onboard electronics of future orbital or balloon experiments.Comment: 15 page

SWELTO - Space WEather Laboratory in Turin Observatory

SWELTO - Space WEather Laboratory in Turin Observatory is a conceptual framework where new ideas for the analysis of space-based and ground-based data are developed and tested. The input data are (but not limited to) remote sensing observations (EUV images of the solar disk, Visible Light coronagraphic images, radio dynamic spectra, etc...), in situ plasma measurements (interplanetary plasma density, velocity, magnetic field, etc...), as well as measurements acquired by local sensors and detectors (radio antenna, fluxgate magnetometer, full-sky cameras, located in OATo). The output products are automatic identification, tracking, and monitoring of solar stationary and dynamic features near the Sun (coronal holes, active regions, coronal mass ejections, etc...), and in the interplanetary medium (shocks, plasmoids, corotating interaction regions, etc...), as well as reconstructions of the interplanetary medium where solar disturbances may propagate from the Sun to the Earth and beyond. These are based both on empirical models and numerical MHD simulations. The aim of SWELTO is not only to test new data analysis methods for future application for Space Weather monitoring and prediction purposes, but also to procure, test and deploy new ground-based instrumentation to monitor the ionospheric and geomagnetic responses to solar activity. Moreover, people involved in SWELTO are active in outreach to disseminate the topics related with Space Weather to students and the general public

Characterization of the DIMS system based on astronomical meteor techniques for macroscopic dark matter search

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