Effects of ozone therapy on acidic corneal burns in rats

In the present study the effect of ozone therapy on hydrofluoric acid (HFA) related eye burnwas investigated in rats. A Total 20 healthy male Wistar albino rats (weighing 250 - 300 g withthe age of 16 weeks) were used. They were divided into groups (experimental and controlgroups) of 10 rats being housed individually and fed ad libitum. The HFA (2.00%) burn wascreated in all animals. The ozonized (20.00 µg O3 mL-1) bi-distilled water was applied as a drop(10.00 µL each drop) every 8 hr for 7 days in the experimental group. At the same time, 0.90%NaCl was applied as drop (10.00 µL each drop) every 8 hr for 7 days in the control group. In theexperimental group, intensive inflammation, angiogenesis, epithelial damage and stromaledema were detected in one animal. Epithelial vascularization and stromal edema were seen infour animals. In control group, only two animals’ corneal structures were normal. Inflammation,angiogenesis, epithelial damage, fibrosis, epithelial vascularization and stromal edema weredetected in the rest. As a result of this study, it was observed that local usage of ozone therapyhad a positive effect on the healing of corneal burns caused by HFA. It was concluded that moreozone-related studies should be done to enlighten the subject.&nbsp;</p

Beyond the colors: enhanced deep learning on invasive ductal carcinoma

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer-related causes of morbidity and mortality in women around the world, and its early detection is essential for successful treatment. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most prevalent phenotypic subtype of all breast cancers, accounting for 80% of all cases. Deep learning (DL) has been used to diagnose breast cancer in a variety of situations. Our aims with this study were to contribute early detection of IDC as well as other cancer types and to help physicians while inspecting whole slide images belonging to possible cases. This study will also explore ways of improving the performance of deep learning models. While evaluating the models, the Matthew correlation coefficient (MCC) score was preferred instead of the F-1 score, which did not take into account the real negatives. Pretrained networks (Xception, InceptionResNetV2, NASNetLarge) and two custom models, feature extraction technique, various color spaces (RGB, Gray, CMYK, HSV, HED, YIQ, YUV, YCrCb, LAB, LUV, XYZ), color changes (square, polynomial, multiplicative inverse) and ensemble modeling were tested. Our findings show that color data in image patches are crucial. The performance improvement of the convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model is achieved by generating various color spaces and their changes from the input channels in the preprocessing stage. It also showed that, despite the computation time advantage, feature extraction reduced the MCC score. Our novel ensemble methods based on precision and convex hull density were tested. We made an ensemble model with better MCC(0.6931) and F-1(0.7958)scores on test data, while the first study on this dataset has an F-1 score of 0.7180

A native extracellular matrix material for tissue engineering applications: Characterization of pericardial fluid

Tissue engineering applications are widely used to repair and regenerate damaged tissues and organs. A scaffold, which is an important component in tissue engineering, provides a 3D environment for cells. In this study, the usability of PF components for the production of an ideal scaffold was investigated. For this aim, pericardial fluid (PF) was harvested from the bovine heart, then its structure and components were characterized. The results of Raman spectroscopy analysis, histological staining, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the pericardial fluid contains collagen type I and IV, elastin, fibrin, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG), which are native extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The results demonstrated that (i) PF contains native ECM proteins and GAG such as collagen types I, III, and IV, elastin, and fibrin. (ii) The PF is highly similar to the native ECM structure. (iii) PF can significantly contribute to many tissue engineering studies as a native ECM material to increase the biocompatibility of biomaterials and to several in vitro/in vivo cell culture studies. (iv) PF containing multiple ECM molecules, can be used alone or together with hyaluronic acid, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), alginate, chitosan, matrigel, and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) materials in bioprinting systems for eliminating the disadvantages of these materials

Role of apoptosis and autophagy in folic acid-induced cytotoxicity of human breast cancer cells in vitro

Obstacles to the successful treatment of breast cancer patients with chemotherapeutic agents can be overcome with effective new strategies. It is still unclear how folic acid affects the onset and spread of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine how folic acid affected the apoptotic and autophagic pathways of the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. In the present study, folic acid was applied to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines at different concentrations and for different durations. MTT analysis was used to investigate cytotoxic activity. All groups underwent the Tunel staining procedure to identify apoptosis and the immunofluorescence staining approach to identify the autophagic pathway. 24-hour folic acid values were accepted as the most appropriate cytotoxic dose. In MCF-7, cell cycle arrest was observed in the S phase and MDA-MB-231 G1/G0 phases. When apoptotic TUNEL staining was evaluated in both cell lines, folic acid significantly increased apoptosis. While a significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of Beclin 1 immunoreactivity in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, there was no significant difference in the MCF-7 cell line. In addition, statistical significance was not observed LC3 immunoreactivity in both cell lines. In the study, it was observed that folic acid induced autophagy at the initial stage in the MDA-MB-231 cell line but had no inductive effect in the MCF-7 cell line. In conclusion, our findings showed that folic acid has a potential cytotoxic and therapeutic effect on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines

Cytotoxicity screening of Thymus vulgaris L. in breast cancer: in vitro study

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths due to its aggressive course. There is an increasing need for alternative therapy strategies, including herbal medications, to treat the disease because of its high incidence. Medicinal plants, such as Thymus vulgaris L. (T. vulgaris), have recently attracted great interest due to the antitumor properties of their extracts. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain whether T. vulgaris had any cytotoxic effects on two different breast cancer cell lines. MTT test was applied to evaluate the effect of T. vulgaris on cell viability. TUNEL method was used to determine its apoptotic effect. LC3 and Beclin-1 expression levels were determined by immunofluorescence staining method and its autophagic effect was evaluated. Our findings demonstrate that T. vulgaris greately lowers proliferation, both in terms of concentration and duration. Consistent with decreased proliferation, an increase in apoptotic and autophagic cell death were also observed. The migration capacity of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was greatly suppressed by T. vulgaris, while significantly reducing colony formation. This study is the first to look into how T. vulgaris methanol extract affects breast cancer cells. All of these findings demonstrate that T. vulgaris prevents breast cancer cells from developing a malignant phenotype. It is possible to say that the methanol extract of T. vulgaris is suitable for the treatment of breast cancer, including aggressive types. However, in vivo research should support these results