57 research outputs found
A recipe for simulating the interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon and its relation with ENSO
Author Posting. © The Authors, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Climate Dynamics 28 (2007): 441-460, doi: 10.1007/s00382-006-0190-0.This study investigates how accurately the interannual variability over the Indian
Ocean basin and the relationship between the Indian summer monsoon and the
El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can be simulated by different modelling
strategies. With a hierarchy of models, from an atmospherical general circulation
model (AGCM) forced by observed SST, to a coupled model with the ocean
component limited to the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans, the role of heat
fluxes and of interactive coupling is analyzed. Whenever sea surface temperature
anomalies in the Indian basin are created by the coupled model, the inverse relationship
between the ENSO index and the Indian summer monsoon rainfall is
recovered, and it is preserved if the atmospherical model is forced by the SSTs
created by the coupled model. If the ocean model domain is limited to the Indian
Ocean, changes in the Walker circulation over the Pacific during El Nino years
induce a decrease of rainfall over the Indian subcontinent. However the observed
correlation between the ENSO and the Indian Ocean Zonal Mode (IOZM) is
not properly modelled and the two indices are not significantly correlated, independently
on season. Whenever the ocean domain extends to the Pacific, and
ENSO can impact both the atmospheric circulation and the ocean subsurface in
the equatorial Eastern Indian Ocean, modelled precipitation patterns associated
both to ENSO and to the IOZM closely resemble the observations.The experiments described were performed as a contribution to the ENSEMBLES
project funded by the European Commission’s 6th Framework Programme, contract
number GOCE-CT-2003-505539
Active immunization of bonnet monkeys with procine zona pellucida antigen: influence of adjuvants on ovarian folliculogensis
This article does not have an abstract
Estimating the Loss of Himalayan Glaciers under Global Warming Using the δ18O–Salinity Relation in the Bay of Bengal
Quantifying the water loss of Himalayan glaciers due to global warming from direct measurement is difficult, as some glaciers are advancing or stable in spite of an overall retreat. We use a novel approach to provide an alternative estimate of the amount of Himalayan ice melt. Because a major part of this melted ice debouches into the Bay of Bengal through the Ganga–Brahmaputra basin, it causes significant variations in the oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) and salinity (S) of the sea surface water and their mutual linear relationship. We document the temporal change in the δ18O–S relation for the bay at three different times during the period from 1994 to 2006, and using a model, we infer that 2.4 × 1011 m3 water was lost by melting from the Ganga–Brahmaputra basin during this period
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