Создание высоколикопиновых гибридов томата для теплиц с использованием традиционных методов селекции и молекулярных маркеров

Relevance. High lycopene fruit content has been regarded as a very important genetic trait in tomato breeding. Use lycopene molecular markers in combination with conventional breeding techniques allowed us to create hybrids with high lycopene accumulation, excellent organoleptic qualities, high yield production and resistance to pathogens, and to effectively optimize our breeding programmes for commercial greehouses production.Material and Methods. In this study tomato samples including selected lines and hybrids with various allelic combinations of genes determining carotene accumulation, and other genetic traits, such as disease resistance and yield production were tested. Introgression of spontaneous and induced mutations was used to increase carotenoid levels (og and hp) and improve fruit technological qualities (nor, alc, rin). The research material was tomato collection, mutants, breeding lines and hybrids listed in the State Register Russian Federation tomato hybrids of breeding SS Agrofirm "Ilyinichna" VNIIO branch of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. DNA typing of fruit quality genes was performed at the Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.Results. New domestic hybrids for industrial greenhouses, which characterised by improved organoleptic qualities and technological traits were developed with the help of phasedcross-breeding that allowed to combine the genes nor, rin, alc, leading to an extension of the shelf life with the genes B, og, hp1, etc., contributing to an increase in carotenoid content in fruits. It was established that for targeted selection and hybridization, despite the negative influence of the nor, rin, alc genes it is possible to raise the level of carotenoids to average values. Correlation between lycopene concentration in fruits and high temperature and level of insolation was confirmed. It was shown that pink-fruited forms contain significantly more lycopenethanred-fruitedones. Different all eliccombinations of structural genes involved in carotenoids biosynthesis and regulatory genes that provided maximal accumulation of lycopene in hybrid swithred and pink fruits were revealed. Hybrids with the combination of high concentrations of sugar (° Brix), dry matter and maximal lycopene values, combined defining excellent taste were selected: Prekrasnaiya lady, Olya, Quadrille, Victoria. New F1 hybrids one for industrial greenhouses: G950, G956, G960, Magistral and pink fruited G12897, surpassed the Dutch standard in productivity up to 21%, and in tastes/organoleptic qualities for 1-1.8 points.Актуальность. Высокое содержание ликопина в плодах томата является важным селекционным признаком при создании новых сортов и гибридов. Использование молекулярных маркеров к аллелям, детерминирующим биосинтез ликопина, в сочетании с традиционными методами селекции на высокоесодержаниекаротиноидов,ценныетехнологические ивкусовыекачестваплодов,атакже на устойчивость к комплексу патогенов, позволяет оценить потенциал накопления антиоксиданта и более эффективно составлять программы по селекции высоколикопиновых форм для условий защищенного грунта.Методика. Представлены результаты оценки селекционного материала с различными комбинациями аллелей, детерминирующих накопление каротиноидов, и создания гибридов томата с комплексом ценных признаков – высокой продуктивности, устойчивости к болезням, технологических характеристик и биохимического состава плодов. Метод интрогрессии спонтанных или индуцированных мутаций был использован для повышения уровня каротиноидов (og и hp) и улучшения технологических качеств (nor, alc, rin) плодов. Материалом для исследований являлся коллекционный, мутантный, селекционный, гибридный материал томата и внесенные в Госреестр РФ гибриды томата селекции СС Агрофирмы «Ильинична» – ВНИИО филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО. ДНК-типирование генов качества плодов выполняли в Институте генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси.Результаты. Созданы отечественные гибриды для промышленных теплиц с высокими вкусовыми и технологическими качествами с использованием поэтапных скрещиваний, позволивших объединить гены nor, rin, alc, приводящие к удлинению сроков хранения с генами B, og, hp1 и др., способствующими увеличению содержания каротиноидов в плодах. Установлено, что при целенаправленном отборе и гибридизации, несмотря на негативное влияние генов nor, rin, alc возможно поднять уровень каротиноидов до средних величин. Подтверждена корреляция уровня ликопина в плодах с повышением температуры и уровня инсоляции. Показано, что розовоплодные формы содержат значительно большее количество ликопина, чем красноплодные. Определены сочетания аллелей структурных генов биосинтеза коротиноидов и регуляторных генов, обеспечивающих максимальное накопление ликопина у гибридов с красными и розовыми плодами, формулы которых различались по составу аллелей генов качества плодов. Выделены гибриды с сочетанием высоких концентраций сахара (°Brix), сухого вещества и максимальных значений ликопина, совместно определяющих отличные вкусовые качества: Прекрасная леди, Оля, Кадриль, Виктория. Новые гибриды F1 для промышленных теплиц: Г950, Г956, Г960, Магистраль и розовоплодный Г12897, превосходили голландский стандарт по продуктивности до 21%, а по вкусовым качествам на 11,8 балла

Development of high-lycopene tomato hybrids using conventional breeding techniques and molecular markers

Relevance. High lycopene fruit content has been regarded as a very important genetic trait in tomato breeding. Use lycopene molecular markers in combination with conventional breeding techniques allowed us to create hybrids with high lycopene accumulation, excellent organoleptic qualities, high yield production and resistance to pathogens, and to effectively optimize our breeding programmes for commercial greehouses production.Material and Methods. In this study tomato samples including selected lines and hybrids with various allelic combinations of genes determining carotene accumulation, and other genetic traits, such as disease resistance and yield production were tested. Introgression of spontaneous and induced mutations was used to increase carotenoid levels (og and hp) and improve fruit technological qualities (nor, alc, rin). The research material was tomato collection, mutants, breeding lines and hybrids listed in the State Register Russian Federation tomato hybrids of breeding SS Agrofirm "Ilyinichna" VNIIO branch of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. DNA typing of fruit quality genes was performed at the Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.Results. New domestic hybrids for industrial greenhouses, which characterised by improved organoleptic qualities and technological traits were developed with the help of phasedcross-breeding that allowed to combine the genes nor, rin, alc, leading to an extension of the shelf life with the genes B, og, hp1, etc., contributing to an increase in carotenoid content in fruits. It was established that for targeted selection and hybridization, despite the negative influence of the nor, rin, alc genes it is possible to raise the level of carotenoids to average values. Correlation between lycopene concentration in fruits and high temperature and level of insolation was confirmed. It was shown that pink-fruited forms contain significantly more lycopenethanred-fruitedones. Different all eliccombinations of structural genes involved in carotenoids biosynthesis and regulatory genes that provided maximal accumulation of lycopene in hybrid swithred and pink fruits were revealed. Hybrids with the combination of high concentrations of sugar (° Brix), dry matter and maximal lycopene values, combined defining excellent taste were selected: Prekrasnaiya lady, Olya, Quadrille, Victoria. New F1 hybrids one for industrial greenhouses: G950, G956, G960, Magistral and pink fruited G12897, surpassed the Dutch standard in productivity up to 21%, and in tastes/organoleptic qualities for 1-1.8 points

The value of a new microculture method for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis by using bone marrow and peripheral blood

PubMedID: 16103589We have demonstrated that the microculture method (MCM) enables the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) with samples from both the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). The MCM is superior to the traditional culture method (TCM) as determined by its higher sensitivity in the detection of promastigotes and the more rapid time for emergence of promastigotes. The sensitivity of MCM (100% in BMs and 77.8-100% in PB) was considerably higher than that of the TCM (37.5-100% in BMs and 0-100% in PB) according to decreasing parasite density (P < 0.05). The concentration of parasites in buffy coats has increased the sensitivity of both methods, especially that of the MCM. Detection of promastigotes by MCM requires lower amounts of culture media (25-50 µL) and shorter incubation periods (2-7 days) than TCM (2.5-3.5 mL and 15-35 days, respectively). MCM was found to be valuable with the advantages of simplicity and sensitivity, in addition to being cost-effective in the routine diagnosis for VL in Adana Turkey. Copyright © 2005 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene