Revisión de la sección Brevispicae del género Sloanea (Elaeocarpaceae) en Bolivia

A critical checklist and illustrated of the species of section Brevispicae of the genus Sloanea is presented for Bolivia, seven species are recognized (S. eichlerii, S. guianensis, S. obtusifolia, S. picapica, S. pubescens, S. spathulata and S. tuerckheimii). A key to separate species is presented and for each are provide comments on taxonomic affinities, material type, distribution, habitat, common names and uses.Se presenta un catálogo comentado e ilustrado de las especies de la sección Brevispicae del género Sloanea para Bolivia, se reconocen siete especies (S. eichlerii, S. guianensis, S. obtusifolia, S. picapica, S. pubescens, S. spathulata y S. tuerckheimii). Se presenta una clave para separar las especies y para cada una se proporcionan comentarios sobre afinidades taxonómicas, material tipo, distribución, hábitat, nombres comunes y usos

Towards an Integrative Taxonomy of the Genus Alstroemeria (Alstroemeriaceae) in Chile: A Comprehensive Review

The genus Alstroemeria encompasses approximately 80 species endemic to South America, with 2 centers of diversity (Chile and Brazil). In Chile, Alstroemeria represents one of the most diverse genera of vascular monocotyledons, comprising more than 50 recognized or accepted taxa (36 species, 11 subspecies and 10 varieties) from which ca. 82% are endemic to the Mediterranean zone of central Chile, one of the world’s diversity hotspots. The taxonomy of the genus is very difficult due to the great variability of the vegetative and floral traits. Moreover, a number of taxa have been recently described and several nomenclatural changes have been proposed. In order to elucidate the taxonomy of some Chilean complexes of Alstroemeria, an integrative approach including morphology, colorimetry, cytogenetic, multivariate statistical analyses of morphological variation and DNA-molecular studies have been conducted. In this chapter, we review the literature concerning these approaches; a checklist of the species growing in Chile is provided including all published names, references to the original protologues, accepted names, synonyms and the biogeographic status (endemic or native) of the accepted taxa; maps illustrating the diversity of the genus in South America and its distribution in Chile were constructed

Alcaloides de especies chilenas del género Rhodophiala C. Presl (Amaryllidaceae) y su importancia quimiotaxonómica

The family Amaryllidaceae is widely distributed from temperate to tropical regions. Amaryllidaceae species from thesubfamily Amaryllidoideae can biosynthesize alkaloids with important physiological effects. Rhodophiala C. Presl isone of the native genera of Amaryllidoideae of Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil. However, despite thediversity of this genus in Chile, their alkaloids have only been studied previously in one species of this country. The presentwork aims to analyze the alkaloid profi les and chemotaxonomically compare three other Chilean species of Rhodophiala:Rhodophiala bagnoldii (Herb.) Traub, Rhodophiala pratensis (Poepp.) Traub and Rhodophiala volckmannii Phil. Bulbextracts were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and alkaloids were characterizedaccording to retention time and fragmentation pattern. The skeleton type alkaloids detected were lycorine, crinine,galanthamine, homolycorine, tazettine and montanine. All analyzed species showed different alkaloid profi les, indicatingthese compounds can be used as a chemotaxonomic tool. Furthermore, the alkaloid types detected in this genus havemultiple reported biological properties and these species can constitute new sources of important medicinal products.La familia Amaryllidaceae está ampliamente distribuida desde regiones templadas a tropicales. Las especies de la subfamiliaAmaryllidoideae biosintetizan alcaloides con importantes efectos fi siológicos. Rhodophiala C. Presl es uno de los génerosnativos de Amaryllidoideae de Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay y Brasil. Sin embargo, a pesar de la diversidad deeste género en Chile, sólo se han estudiado los alcaloides de una especie de este país. En este trabajo se analiza el perfi lalcaloideo y se comparan quimiotaxonómicamente otras tres especies chilenas del género Rhodophiala: Rhodophialabagnoldii (Herb.) Traub, Rhodophiala pratensis (Poepp.) Traub y Rhodophiala volckmannii Phil. Se analizaron extractosde bulbos mediante cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (CG-EM). Los alcaloides fueron caracterizados por sutiempo de retención y patrón de fragmentación. Los tipos de esqueletos de los alcaloides detectados fueron licorina, crinina,galantamina, homolicorina, tazetina y montanina. Todas las especies analizadas presentaron diferentes perfi les alcaloideos,por lo que estos compuestos pueden ser usados como una herramienta quimiotaxonómica. Además, los tipos de alcaloidesdetectados en este género tienen múltiples propiedades biológicas reportadas en literatura y estas especies pueden constituirnuevas fuentes de productos de importancia medicinal

Reproducción vegetativa y número cromosómico de Adesmia bijuga Phil. (Fabaceae), una especie endémica en peligro crítico de la Región del Maule, Chile

In this note the vegetative reproduction and chromosome number of Adesmia bijuga Phil., an endemic shrub of Central Chile, that is classified as a critically endangered species, is investigated. Our results indicate a positive response of A. bijuga to the shoot rooting by means of promoting hormones. The chromosome number of A. bijuga is 2n = 20. Most of the chromosomes are metacentrics and of small size

Revisión del género Pseudognaphalium (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) en Chile

The genus Pseudognaphalium is one of the largest genera of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) with about 90 species with worldwide distribution. The vast majority of species are found in South, Central and North America, but some species also occur in Asia and Africa. This work includes the revision of 12 species of Pseudognaphalium from Chile, P. aldunateoides, P. cabrerae, P. cheiranthifolium, P. cymatoides, P. gayanum, P. lacteum, P. landbeckii, P. munoziae, P. psilophyllum, P. remyanum, P. tarapacanum, and P. viravira. A key is provided for their identification, as well as morphological description, illustration, geographic distribution and habitat, distribution maps, phenology, additional material examined, distinguishing characters and taxonomic affinities for each taxon. The new combination Pseudognaphalium cabrerae (S.E. Freire) S.E. Freire, N. Bayón, C. Baeza, Giuliano & C. Monti, is proposed. The following taxa are newly synonymized: Gnaphalium diminutivum, Pseudognaphalium perpusillum, with P. aldunateoides; G. canum, G. ulophyllum, P. moelleri with P. cymatoides; P. heterophyllum, P. heterotrichum, G. pseudohelichrysum, P. robustum with P. gayanum; P. glandulosum with P. psilophyllum; G. longifolium, G. subnudum, P. andicola, P. coquimbense, P. illapelinum, P. montevidense, P. pratense, with P. viravira. Lectotypes are newly designated for Gnaphalium acutifolium, G. araucanum, G. argyrolepis, G. canum, G. cymatoides, G. glandulosum, G. heterophyllum, G. illapelinum, G. lacteum, G. landbeckii, G. moelleri, G. ramosum, G. remyanum, G. subnudum, G. tarapacanum, G. ulophyllum, and G. viravira. A neotype is designated for G. psilophyllum.El género Pseudognaphalium, con cerca de 90 especies de distribución cosmopolita, es uno de los géneros de la tribu Gnaphalieae con mayor número de especies, principalmente distribuidas en América del Sur, Central y del Norte, aunque algunas también están presentes en Asia y África. Este trabajo comprende la revisión de 12 especies de Pseudognaphalium para Chile, P. aldunateoides, P. cabrerae, P. cheiranthifolium, P. cymatoides, P. gayanum, P. lacteum, P. landbeckii, P. munoziae, P. psilophyllum, P. remyanum, P. tarapacanum y P. viravira. Se incluye una clave para identificarlas y para cada una de las especies se brinda descripción, ilustración, fenología, distribución geográfica y hábitat, mapa de distribución, material adicional examinado y afinidades taxonómicas. Sobre la base del estudio de los materiales tipo, se establecen los siguientes nuevos sinónimos: Gnaphalium diminutivum, Pseudognaphalium perpusillum, con P. aldunateoides; G. canum, G. ulophyllum, P. moelleri con P. cymatoides; P. heterophyllum, P. heterotrichum, G. pseudohelichrysum, P. robustum, con P. gayanum; P. glandulosum con P. psilophyllum; G. longifolium, G. subnudum, P. andicola, P. coquimbense, P. illapelinum, P. montevidense, P. pratense, con P. viravira; se designan lectotipos para las siguientes especies: Gnaphalium acutifolium, G. araucanum, G. argyrolepis, G. canum, G. cymatoides, G. glandulosum, G. heterophyllum, G. illapelinum, G. lacteum, G. landbeckii, G. moelleri, G. ramosum, G. remyanum, G. subnudum, G. tarapacanum, G. ulophyllum, G. viravira y se designa el neotipo para G. psilophyllum.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

SLOANEA SUBGÉNERO QUADRISEPALA (ELAEOCARPACEAE) EN BOLIVIA

Se presenta una sinopsis del subgénero Quadrisepala del género Sloanea, para Bolivia, en la que reconocen once especies (Sloanea fendleriana, S. garckeana, S. gentryi, S. grandis, S. latifolia, S. laxiflora, S. porphyrocarpa, S. rojasiae, S. subsessilis, S. terniflora y S. uniflora), destacando que S. latifolia, S. porphyrocarpa y S. rojasiae son nuevos registros para la flora de Bolivia. Adicionalmente, se complementa la descripción original de S. subsessilis con la incorporación de caracteres del fruto y se proponen lectotipos para S. grandis y S. porphyrocarpa

Revisión taxonómica del género Gamochaeta Wedd. (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) en Chile

Twenty four species of Gamochaeta (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae), G. aliena, G. alpina, G. americana, G. andina, G. axillaris, G. chamissonis, G. depilata, G. deserticola, G. falcata, G. filaginea, G. humilis, G. longipedicellata, G. neuquensis, G. nivalis, G. oligantha, G. procumbens, G. ramosa, G. serpyllifolia, G. simplicicaulis, G. spiciformis, G. stachydifolia, G. subfalcata, G. valparadisea, and G. villarroelii, are formally monographed with morphological descriptions, illustrations, geographic distribution and habitat, distribution maps, phenology, lists of representative specimens examined, and a comprehensive identification key for every species. A new name Gamochaeta ramosa S.E. Freire, N. Bayón & C.M. Baeza for Gnaphalium ramosum Phil. (1864) non Lam. (1779) nec Sch. Bip. (1845), is proposed. The following taxa are newly synonymized: Gamochaeta foliosa with G. spiciformis; G. monticola with G. oligantha; Gnaphalium petraeum with Gamochaeta andina; G. suffruticosa with G. chamissonis; Gnaphalium bellidifolium, Gamochaeta berteroana with G. filaginea; and Gnaphalium agreste with Gamochaeta stachydifolia. Lectotypes are newly designated for Gnaphalium andinum, G. berteroanum, G. suffruticosum, and G. villarroelii.Este trabajo comprende la revisión de 24 especies de Gamochaeta para Chile, G. aliena, G. alpina, G. americana, G. andina, G. axillaris, G. chamissonis, G. depilata, G. deserticola, G. falcata, G. filaginea, G. humilis, G. longipedicellata, G. neuquensis, G. nivalis, G. oligantha, G. procumbens, G. ramosa, G. serpyllifolia, G. simplicicaulis, G. spiciformis, G. stachydifolia, G. subfalcata, G. valparadisea y G. villarroelii. Se incluye una clave para identificarlas y para cada una de las especies se brinda descripción, ilustración, fenología, distribución geográfica y hábitat, mapa de distribución, material adicional examinado y afinidades taxonómicas. Sobre la base del estudio de los materiales tipo, se establecen los siguientes nuevos sinónimos: Gamochaeta foliosa con G. spiciformis; G. monticola con G. oligantha; Gnaphalium petraeum con Gamochaeta andina; G. suffruticosa con G. chamissonis; Gnaphalium bellidifolium, Gamochaeta berteroana con G. filaginea; Gnaphalium agreste con Gamochaeta stachydifolia; y se propone el nuevo nombre Gamochaeta ramosa S.E. Freire, N. Bayón & C.M. Baeza parar Gnaphalium ramosum Phil. (1864) non Lam. (1779) nec Sch. Bip. (1845). Se designan lectotipos para las siguientes especies: Gnaphalium andinum, G. berteroanum, G. suffruticosum y G. villarroelii.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of South American species and populations of Hypochaeris (Asteraceae)

One hundred and thirty-seven new chromosome counts are reported from 104 populations of 26 native South American taxa of Hypochaeris (Asteraceae, Lactuceae), together with two invasive Mediterranean species: H. glabra and H. radicata. First reports are provided for seven taxa (H. alba, H. cf. eremophila, H. caespitosa, H. hookeri, H. parodii, H. patagonica and H. pinnatifida) and one new ploidy level is reported (diploid for H. incana, so far known only as a tetraploid). Including the results of this study, the chromosomes of 39 of the c. 50 Hypochaeris species known from the New World have now been counted. Most species are diploid with 2n = 2x = 8 and have bimodal, asymmetrical karyotypes. Tetraploidy (2n = 4x = 16) is reported here for the first time in H. caespitosa. Infra-specific polyploidy (probably autopolyploidy) is reported in H. incana and H. taraxacoides, both cases including infra-populational cytotype mixtures (2x and 4x). Polyploidy is now known from eight South American Hypochaeris species (c. 16%). Basic karyotype analyses allow the placement of the newly counted taxa into previously proposed but slightly modified groupings and provide the framework for further molecular cytogenetic analyses. The reported findings suggest that chromosomal change in South American Hypochaeris, in contrast to Old World species, has not involved aneuploidy, but polyploidy and/or more subtle changes in chromosome length, perhaps via satellite DNA amplification/deletion or activity of retroelements, and rDNA reorganization.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Revisión de Megalachne Steud. (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae), género endémico del Archipiélago de Juan Fernández, Chile

Megalachne Steud. (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae) is an endemic genus from the Juan Fernandez Island, Chile, with two species recognized: M. berteroniana Steud. and M. masafuerana (Skottsb. & Pilg.) Matthei. During the taxonomic revision of Megalachne a new species was discovered: M. robinsoniana nov. sp. Species are described, illustrated, studied material and a key to distinguish them is given.Megalachne Steud. (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae) es un género endémico del Archipiélago de Juan Fernández, Chile, para el cual se conoce hasta ahora sólo dos especies: M. berteroniana Steud. y M. masafuerana (Skottsb. & Pilg.) Matthei. Durante la revisión del género se determinó la existencia de una nueva especie, M. robinsoniana nov. sp. Se entregan descripciones, ilustraciones, material estudiado y una clave para distinguir las especies

Four variants in transferrin and HFE genes as potential markers of iron deficiency anaemia risk: an association study in menstruating women

Abstract Background Iron deficiency anaemia is a worldwide health problem in which environmental, physiologic and genetic factors play important roles. The associations between iron status biomarkers and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known to be related to iron metabolism were studied in menstruating women. Methods A group of 270 Caucasian menstruating women, a population group at risk of iron deficiency anaemia, participated in the study. Haematological and biochemical parameters were analysed and 10 selected SNPs were genotyped by minisequencing assay. The associations between genetic and biochemical data were analysed by Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) test and decision trees. Dietary intake of a representative subgroup of these volunteers (n = 141) was assessed, and the relationship between nutrients and iron biomarkers was also determined by linear regression. Results Four variants, two in the transferrin gene (rs3811647, rs1799852) and two in the HFE gene (C282Y, H63D), explain 35% of the genetic variation or heritability of serum transferrin in menstruating women. The minor allele of rs3811647 was associated with higher serum transferrin levels and lower transferrin saturation, while the minor alleles of rs1799852 and the C282Y and H63D mutations of HFE were associated with lower serum transferrin levels. No association between nutrient intake and iron biomarkers was found. Conclusions In contrast to dietary intake, these four SNPs are strongly associated with serum transferrin. Carriers of the minor allele of rs3811647 present a reduction in iron transport to tissues, which might indicate higher iron deficiency anaemia risk, although the simultaneous presence of the minor allele of rs1799852 and HFE mutations appear to have compensatory effects. Therefore, it is suggested that these genetic variants might potentially be used as markers of iron deficiency anaemia risk.This study was supported by Project AGL2009-11437. R.Blanco-Rojo was supported by a JAE-predoc grant from CSIC and European Social Found, S.Bertoncini by Grupo Santander 2009 (Estancia doctores y tecnologos UCM), and J.M.Soria by "Programa d'Estabilització d'Investigadors de la Direcció d'Estrategia i Coordinació del Departament de Salut".Peer Reviewe