QUORUM SENSING AND ITS ROLE IN ORAL BIOFILMS DEVELOPMENT

Quorum sensing systems has been identified as one of mechanism carried out by numerous Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to coordinate virulence and biofilm development. Using quorum sensing bacterial colonies synchronize gene expression and phenotype change allowing them to protect their niche. The purpose of this review is to present a synopsis of the literature on bacterial quorum sensing and we highlight the role of specific signaling molecules that might be used as a target of inhibitor agent in dental preventive perspective

Construction of Recombinant Plasmid PcDNA3.1/BMP-2 and Its Involvement in Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp-Derived Cells Into an Odontoblastic Lineage

Experimental studies have shown that dental pulp tissue has potential to regenerate dentine in response to adverse stimuli, such as caries and associated operative procedures. However, the potential of dental pulp regeneration seems to be limited by regenerative capacity of the cell involved. In this study, we report the effect of transfection of a recombinant plasmid containing human BMP-2 gene in proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp tissue in vitro. The regenerative capacity was analyzed by ALP production and calcium content. Results showed that the transfected dental pulp cell was able to differentiate into the odontoblast phenotype, indicating the presence of odontoblast progentitor cells in dental pulp tissue

ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL OF STREPTOCOCCUS SALIVARIUS ISOLATED FROM THE SALIVA AND TONGUE DORSUM TO INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM

Objective: Analyzing the potential of S. salivarius isolated from the saliva and tongue dorsum of adults to inhibit the growth of Fusobacteriumnucleatum.Methods: Polymerase chain reaction, deferred antagonism test, and well-diffused agar test.Results: Inhibition of the growth F. nucleatum by S. salivarius isolated from the tongue dorsum (p>0.05). No inhibition to the growth of F. nucleatumby S. salivarius isolated from the saliva. No inhibition to the growth of F. nucleatum by the protein produced by S. salivarius.Conclusions: The growth of F. nucleatum was not inhibited by S. salivarius isolated from the saliva but by S. salivarius isolated from the dorsum of thetongue

ANALYSIS OF THE INHIBITORY POTENTIAL OF STREPTOCOCCUS SALIVARIUS ISOLATED FROM ADULT SALIVA AND THE TONGUE DORSUM FOR THE GROWTH OF CANDIDA ALBICANS

Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of Streptococcus salivarius and its protein for inhibiting the growth of Candidaalbicans.Methods: The analysis was conducted using polymerase chain reaction, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a Bradford test,deferred antagonism test, and well-diffusion agar.Result: S. salivarius, isolated from saliva and the tongue dorsum, and its protein do not inhibit the growth of C. albicans. The morphology of C. albicansdid not change after being exposed to protein produced by S. salivarius.Conclusions: S. salivarius and its protein do not inhibit the growth of C. albicans. However, the bacterium has the capacity to maintain fungusmorphology in the form of blastospora

Phenotype and Genotype of Enterococcus faecalis Isolated form Root Canal and Saliva of Primary Endodontic Patients

This study was carried out to investigate the phenotype and genotype of E. faecalis isolated from the root canal and saliva of primary endodontic patients with periapical lesions. Eighteen adult male and female individuals suffering from primary endodontic infection, either had or had not periapical lesions, were involved in this study. Root canal scraping and saliva were collected from each subject and used for bacterial quantitation using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Enterococci were isolated using ChromAgar medium and then identified using both biochemical (Gram staining and catalase tests) and molecular biology (conventional PCR) methods. Gelatinase activity, polysaccharide capsul profile and mRNA ace expression level were determined using microbiological, biochemical and molecular biology approach, respectively.  Genotype of E. faecalis was determined based on nucleotide sequence of ace and gelE genes analyzed using web-based 3730xl DNA Analyze software. The results showed that high proportion of E. faecalis found in both root canal and saliva of is related to the incidence of periapical lessions in the primary endodontic patients. This is contrast to the insignificant relationship found between Cps polymorphism, gelatinase activity, and mRNA ace expression with periapical lesions in the patients, respectively.DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v23i1.96

PERAN HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS (HSP) DALAM PATOGENESIS PENYAKIT OTOIMUN DI DALAM RONGGA MULUT

Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) are highly conserved immunoreactive group of proteins found in microorganisms and animal/human tissue. In addition to heat, other stressful conditiions also induce stressed proteins, especially anorexia, heavy metal ion, exposure to H2O2 and infection by DNA or RNA viruses. Recent studies suggest the involvement of HSPs as autoantigens in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Bechet's syndrome, recurrent oral uclers, oral lichen planus and other. The HSPs 60 - 65 KDa might be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as Bechet's syndrome, recurrent oral ulcers, and oral lichen planus. This paper will discuss the immunopathogenesis mechanism of those diseases induced by HSPs

Effect of Xylitol with Various Concentration and Duration on the Growth of Candida albicans (In Vitro study)

The growth of C. albicans is influenced by glucose intake. Xylitol is commonly used as sugar substitute. Reported effective concentrations of xylitol in reducing C. albicans growth in vitro were varied, 1%, 5%, and 10%. Objectives: Investigate the effect of different concentration and duration of xylitol exposure in inhibiting C. albicans growth in vitro. Method: Identification of C. albicans from oral swab of a male candidiasis patient was conducted using CHROMagar, confirmed by germ tube test. C. albicans suspension (108 cells/μl) were inoculated in SDB contained 1%, 5%, 10% xylitol, and without xylitol (as control), for 3 and 7 days, then incubated in 37oC on SDA and counted for their CFU after 48 hours. The C. albicans ATCC 10231 strain was used as a comparison. Results: After 3 days, increased concentration of xylitol (1%, 5%, 10%) lead to decrease growth of C. albicans, both the ATCC 10231 (125%; 51%; 14% respectively) and the clinical isolate (103%; 81%; 42%), p = 0.044. Significant lower growth of C. albicans compared to control were only seen in those exposed to 10% xylitol (p = 0.024). After 7 days, exposure of 1%, 5%, 10% xylitol did not significantly affect the growth of C. albicans (p = 0.396). Conclusion: The growth of C. albicans could be inhibited by 10% xylitol for 3 days.DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v16i1.1

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMBINASI SEL PUNCA PULPA GIGI DAN RECOMBINANT HUMAN BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2 TERHADAP KADAR FOSFATASE ALKALI PADA PULPA GIGI TIKUS TERINFLAMASI: COMBINATION OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN- 2 AND DENTAL PULP STEM CELLS ENHANCED EXPESSION OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ON INFLAMED RAT’S PULP

Pulp irritation will form reparative dentin as a defense mechanism. Currently, the materials used to help the defense pulp still have many shortcomings. Therefore, the effect of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and rhBMP- 2 combination on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expresion in rat ’s dental pulp was analyzed in this research. Lipopolysaccharide was used to irritate the pulp of 12 Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials were then applied to each group and ALP expression was performed on the first and second week. The result showed that in the first week, giving a combination of pulp stem cells with recombinant BMP-2 had not been visible to increase expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a biomarker regeneration of pulp, but the increase in ALP expression occurred in the second week. In conclusion, a combination of pulp stem cells and rhBMP-2 can increase the expression of ALP on inflamed rat’s pulp

THE EFFECT OF MOUTHWASH COMBINATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-Y ANTI-COMD STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND CHITOSAN ON THE FORMATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BIOFILM

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies as a dental caries vaccine by utilizingIgY specific to the quorum-sensing signaling receptor ComD of Streptococcus mutans combined with chitosan in the form of mouthwash.Methods: The effects of a mouthwash containing IgY anti-ComD S. mutans with and without chitosan on biofilm-forming isolates of S. mutans wereinvestigated. Subjects were assigned to rinsing twice daily for 6 days with 15–20 ml mouthwash solution for 30 s. Biofilm formation of S mutansisolated from the patiens was measured using a crystal violet method to determine the optical density at 490 nm.Results: The results indicated that mouthwash containing IgY anti-ComD S. mutans and chitosan significantly enhanced the biofilm formation ofS. mutans. In mouthwash containing IgY anti-ComD S. mutans without chitosan, a reduction in biofilm formation was observed; however, this was notstatistically significant.Conclusions: The mouthwash combination of IgY anti-ComD S. mutans and chitosan enhanced the biofilm formation ability of S. mutans isolated fromcaries and caries-free subjects. Further, research is needed to determine the appropriate concentrations of IgY anti-ComD S. mutans and chitosanrequired to effectively inhibit dental caries

RELATIONSHIP OF METHYL MERCAPTAN AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE LEVELS WITH TANNERELLA FORSYTHIA QUANTITY IN PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS WITH HALITOSIS AND DIABETES MELLITUS

Objective: Halitosis may be caused by several factors, including various types of food, periodontal diseases, layer of tongue bacteria, and systemicdisorders such as diabetes mellitus (DM), which is a chronic disease that affects the health of periodontal tissue. The present study aimed to assessthe association between the quantity of Tannerella forsythia bacteria and the levels of methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide in periodontitis patientswith type 2 DM (T2DM).Methods: Gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) were collected from 20 patients who were divided into those with periodontitis and who were normoglycemic(n=8); those with periodontitis and T2DM (n=8); and healthy controls (n=4). The patients underwent intraoral periodontal tissue examination,including pocket depth, attachment loss, plaque index, calculus index, and papilla bleeding index. The quantity of T. forsythia bacteria was evaluatedusing quantitative real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between the number of T. forsythia bacteria and thelevels of methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide in the patients was analyzed by Spearman’s correlative tests.Results: There is a weak and non-significant correlation (p>0.05) between the levels of methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide and the quantity ofT. forsythia in the GCF and tongue coating of periodontitis patients with halitosis regardless of the presence of T2DM.Conclusion: This study suggests no significant relationship between the levels of methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide and the quantity ofT. forsythia in periodontitis patients with halitosis and DM