A SHORT REVIEW ON POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is said to be the commonest endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age with a heterogeneous presentation, which includes hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction. Polycystic ovary syndrome usually has a peri-pubertal onset;the present review discuss about the causes,complications,risck factors,dianosis and treatment.Key words:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS),Hyperandrogenism,Treatmen

Study and analysis of three phase multilevel inverter

The present project deals with study and analysis of three phase multilevel inverters and their different topologies and configurations. The main purpose of our study is to study the modulation techniques and compare them with each other analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Their applications have been analyzed according to their functioning such as the cascaded inverter for example could also serve as a rectifier/charger for the batteries of an electric vehicle while the vehicle was connected to an ac supply. In our thesis, the three main multi-level inverters studied are cascading H bridge, diode clamped and flying capacitor structure. The term multilevel converter is utilized to refer to a power electronic circuit that could operate in an inverter or rectifier mode. One first impression of a multilevel power converter is that the large number of switches may lead to complex pulse-width modulation (PWM) switching algorithms. However, early developments in this area demonstrated the relatively straightforward nature of multilevel PWM. Our project presents the fundamental methods as well as reviews some novel research. The methods are divided into the traditional voltagesource and current-regulated methods. Some discrete current-regulated methods are presented herein, but due to their nature, the harmonic performance is not as good as that of voltage-source methods. Voltage-source methods also more easily lend themselves to digital signal processor (DSP) or programmable logic device (PLD) implementation. Although we have discussed numerous topologies and modulation methods, several more can be found. An additional goal of this project is to introduce concepts related to reducing the number of isolated voltage sources and sensors. This can be important in the high power quality cascaded multilevel inverters which require several voltage sources and knowledge of the dc voltage levels

Studies on atmospheric gravity wave activity in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over a tropical station at Gadanki

MST radars are powerful tools to study the mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere and have made considerable contributions to the studies of the dynamics of the upper, middle and lower atmosphere. Atmospheric gravity waves play a significant role in controlling middle and upper atmospheric dynamics. To date, frontal systems, convection, wind shear and topography have been thought to be the sources of gravity waves in the troposphere. All these studies pointed out that it is very essential to understand the generation, propagation and climatology of gravity waves. In this regard, several campaigns using Indian MST Radar observations have been carried out to explore the gravity wave activity over Gadanki in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere. The signatures of the gravity waves in the wind fields have been studied in four seasons viz., summer, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter. The large wind fluctuations were more prominent above 10 km during the summer and monsoon seasons. The wave periods are ranging from 10 min-175 min. The power spectral densities of gravity waves are found to be maximum in the stratospheric region. The vertical wavelength and the propagation direction of gravity waves were determined using hodograph analysis. The results show both down ward and upward propagating waves with a maximum vertical wave length of 3.3 km. The gravity wave associated momentum fluxes show that long period gravity waves carry more momentum flux than the short period waves and this is presented

SELECTIVE CECAL BACTERIAL CHANGES MEDIATE THE ADVERSE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH PALMOLEIN OR HIGH STARCH DIETS: PROPHYLACTIC ROLE OF FLAX OIL

Objective: Studies on the dynamics of gut bacteria in relation to metabolic adverse effects induced by high palmolein or high starch diets and in relation to health benefits of uncommon foods are lacking. Our aim was to assess under controlled conditions, the impact of vegetable based palmitic acid rich, high fat diet or a high starch diet on various metabolic parameters in relation to selective gut bacterial alterations in rats and also to see the effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on these parameters.Methods: Wistar Rats were fed for 4 mo either a control diet(CT) or a 30% high fat diet (HF) or HF diet with flax oil supplemented at two different doses (HFF1 and HFF2) or a 78% high starch diet (HC) after which they were sacrificed and analyzed for selective cecal bacteria, hematology, immune function and body composition.Results: High palmolein diet fed rats showed a decrease in colony forming units of lactobacillus, enterococci, streptococci bacteria and an increase in enterobacteriaceae in the cecum unlike HC fed rats. While high palmolein diet was found to impair immunity and increase inflammation, high starch diet affected body composition and lipid profile. Supplementing the flax seed oil ameliorated most of the adverse effects of high palmolein diet.Conclusions: Independent of energy intakes both high palmolein and high starch intakes have differential adverse effects. It can be envisaged that the adverse effects of feeding palmolein are mediated through immune impairment and inflammatory response, which in turn are associated with altered gut bacteria profile; and flax oil was found to have a prophylactic role in controlling these adverse effects. This study emphasizes the need to evaluate immunological as well as bacterial profile while assessing the safety of dietary fats in addition to traditional methods.Â

Dark matter and leptogenesis in gauged B-L symmetric models embedding ν\nu MSM

We study the phenomenon of baryogenesis via leptogenesis in the gauged $B-L$ symmetric models by embedding the currently proposed model $\nu MSM$. It is shown that the lightest right handed neutrino of mass $100 GeV$ satisfy the leptogenesis constraint and at the same time representing a candidate for the cold dark matter. We discuss our results in parallel to the predictions of $\nu MSM$.Comment: Journal versio

Anomalous wind circulation over Taipei, Taiwan during the northern winter seasons of 2004 and 2005- A case study

This research reports, for the first time, an anomalous wind circulation over Taipei (Latitude 25.030N, Longitude 121.510E), Taiwan during the northern hemisphere winter season (December, January, and February) of years 2004 and 2005. The anomalous wind circulation of meridional winds, which showed southward directions during the winter seasons of 2004 and 2005 instead of northward winds, is noticed from one kilometer altitude range (lower troposphere) and that trend continued till around 20 km altitude range (lower stratosphere). To ascertain whether such a disturbed nature of wind pattern existed over nearby locations to Taipei, we have analyzed radiosonde-measured meridional and zonal winds over four nearby stations station to Taipei including, Roig, Xiamen, Minami and Fuzhou. Surprisingly, no anomalous wind behavior is seen except over Taipei during the northern winter seasons of 2004 and 2005. On the other hand, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model-predicted winds do not show any anomalous wind patterns over Taipei and other nearby stations, possibly due to the large averaging of internal variabilities of reanalysis databases. The plausible physical mechanisms of these disturbed meridional wind patterns are not understood at this juncture, but it is believed that local winds and atmospheric pollutants might have created an amicable environment as to provide such a disturbed meridional wind pattern over Taipei, Taiwan in the winter season of 2004 and 2005

Discriminating neutrino mass models using Type II seesaw formula

In this paper we propose a kind of natural selection which can discriminate the three possible neutrino mass models, namely the degenerate, inverted hierarchical and normal hierarchical models, using the framework of Type II seesaw formula. We arrive at a conclusion that the inverted hierarchical model appears to be most favourable whereas the normal hierarchical model follows next to it. The degenerate model is found to be most unfavourable. We use the hypothesis that those neutrino mass models in which Type I seesaw term dominates over the Type II left-handed Higgs triplet term are favoured to survive in nature.Comment: No change in the results, a few references added, some changes in Type[IIB] calculation

Rangelands, conflicts, and society in the Upper Mustang Region, Nepal

Rangelands are considered critical ecosystems in the Nepal Himalayas and provide multiple ecosystem services that support local livelihoods. However, these rangelands are under threat from various anthropogenic stresses. This study analyzes an example of conflict over the use of rangeland, involving two villages in the Mustang district of Nepal. This prolonged conflict over the use of rangeland rests on how use rights are defined by the parties, that is, whether they are based on traditional use or property ownership. Traditionally, such conflicts in remote areas were managed under the Mukhiya (village chief) system, but this became dysfunctional after the political change of 1990. The continuing conflict suggests that excessive demand for limited rangelands motivates local villagers to gain absolute control of the resources. In such contexts, external support should focus on enhancing the management and production of forage resources locally, which requires the establishment of local common property institutions to facilitate sustainable rangeland management.<br /